Poster Presentation
Biography
Ewelina Bratek is PhD student in Dept. of Neurochem at Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland. Ewelina Bratek has published more than 3 papers in reputed journals.
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is one of the leading causes of neonatal mortality and permanent neurological disability worldwide. It was shown recently that mGluR2/3 activation before or after ischemic insult results in neuroprotection, but the exact mechanism of this effect is not clear. The aim of present study was to investigate whether mGluR2/3 activation after hypoxia-ischemia reduces brain damage and inhibits apoptotic processes. We used an animal model of hipoxia-ischemia (H-I) on 7-day old rat pups. Animals underwent unilateral common carotid artery ligation combined with 75 min hypoxia at 7.4% oxygen. Control pups were sham-operated (anaesthetized and left c.c.a. dissected, but not ligated). Animals were injected intraperitoneally with mGluR2 (LY 379268) and mGluR3 (NAAG) agonists 1 h or 6 h after H-I (5 mg/kg of body weight). We examined the weight deficit of the ischemic brain hemisphere and the expression of caspase independent apoptosis factors (AIF, HTR/OMI, endonuclease G). The expression of trophic factors GDNF, BDNF, TGF-beta was also measured. Our results show that application of each agonist decreased brain tissue weight loss in ischemic hemisphere independently on the time of application (from 40% in H-I to 15 - 20% in treated). Both agonists of mGluR2/3 applied 1h or 6h after H-I decreased expression of AIF, HTR/OMI and endonuclease G proteins compared to untreated H-I. mGluR2/3 agonists application decreased expression of TGF-beta and increased BDNF and GDNF in the ischemic hemisphere compared to H-I. Conclusion. This study demonstrated the neuroprotective effect of mGluR 2/3 agonists on neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Presented data suggest that this effect is connected with decreasing apoptosis.
Biography
Marlus Chorilli has completed his BSc degree in Pharmacy-Biochemistry (2002), MSc (2004) and PhD (2007) degrees in Pharmaceutical Sciences from São Paulo State University. He is presently an Assistant Professor at the School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara—São Paulo State University, teaching Pharmacotechniques and Pharmaceutical Technology. He is Leader of the research group “Research and Development of Nanotechnology-based Drug Release Systems†(CNPq—Brazil). He also acts as reviewer of journals in the field of Pharmaceutical Sciences and as scientific adviser of Brazilian and international research funding agencies (CNPq—Brazil, FAPESP-Brazil and FONDECY-Chile).
Abstract
The vaginal mucosa is accessible, has an excellent blood supply, and shows the absence of the first-pass effect, which makes it a very attractive drug delivery route. However, this route has limitations, mainly due to the difficulty of adherence of the formulation in the vaginal mucosa. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems, such as liquid crystalline systems (LCSs), can increase drug permeation through the mucosa and thereby improve drug delivery. The presence of mucoadhesive polymers in the aqueous phase of the platforms, such as polyethyleneimine and chitosan, can further increase the permanence of the formulation at the site of action. This study aimed at developing and characterizing the mechanical, rheological, and mucoadhesive properties of four liquid crystalline precursor systems (LCPSs) composed of four different aqueous phases: water, chitosan (FC), polyethyleneimine (FP) and both polymers (FPC); oleic acid was used as the oil phase, and ethoxylated and propoxylated cetyl alcohol was used as the surfactant. Polarized light microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering indicated that all LCPSs formed liquid crystalline states after incorporation of vaginal mucus. Rheological, texture, and mucoadhesive assays showed that FPC had the most suitable characteristics for vaginal application. In vitro release study showed that FPC could act as a controlled drug delivery system. Finally, based on in vitro cytotoxicity data, FPC is a safe buccal drug delivery system for the treatment of several vaginal diseases.
Biography
Jung-Eun Kim has expertise in cancer immunotherapies. Aims to elucidate how antibodies and cytokines modulate immune cells that infi ltrate tumor through quantitative and qualitative assessment of immune cells in syngeneic mouse tumor models. Research is focused on cellular immune mechanisms of T lymphocytes activation and regulatory T cells suppression. Team also investigates rationales for combination of therapeutic antibodies targeting tumor cells and/or immunecheckpoint receptors. Their research will lead to the next generation of immune-based therapies in human cancer.
Abstract
Statement of the Problem: Interleukin-12 (IL12) (p35/p40 complex) is a heterodimeric cytokine with potent anti-tumor activity. However, its short serum half-life and high dose-related toxicities limit its clinical efficacy. Methodology & Th eoretical Orientation: In this study, we exploited heterodimeric Fc technology to develop mono-mIL12- Fc, which presents mIL12 in the naturally occurring heterodimeric form with an Fc-mediated extended serum half-life. We constructed heterodimeric Ig Fc-fused IL12 in the naturally occurring heterodimeric form of IL12, termed mono-mIL12-Fc, in which the p35 and p40 subunits were fused to the N-terminus of two diff erent Fc variants, respectively. We also generated Fc-fused bivalent IL12 with two IL12 units (bi-mIL12-Fc) by fusion of scIL12 (p40-linker-p35) to the N-terminus of wild-type Fc as a control. Findings: Mono-mIL12-Fc exhibited a much longer plasma half-life than recombinant mIL12, enabling twice-weekly systemic injections to remove established tumors in syngeneic mouse models. Mono-mIL12-Fc was more potent than wild-type Fc-based bivalent-binding IL12-Fc (bi-mIL12-Fc) for eradicating large established immunogenic tumors without noticeable toxicities by enhancing interferon-gamma production and the proliferation of immune eff ector cells in tumors. More importantly, monomIL12-Fc triggered weaker IL12 signaling than bi-mIL12-Fc, favoring the generation of functional and protective memory CD8+ T cells. Notably, our study illustrates that mono-mIL12-Fc triggers modest pSTAT4 activation and T-bet expression in effector CD8+ T cells, resulting in a switch from T-bet to Eomes activation for the differentiation into MPECs and eventually long-lived memory CD8+ T cells. However, the strong IL12 signaling mediated by bi-mIL12-Fc drives eff ector CD8+ T cells into terminally diff erentiated SLECs, thereby excluding the development of MPECs. Conclusion & Signifi cance: Our results demonstrate that heterodimeric-Fc-fused IL12 is a suitable format for augmenting adaptive CD8+ T cell immune responses, providing a practical alternative to the systemic administration of IL12 for anti-tumor therapy.
Biography
Badar Al Dhouyani has completed his MD at the age of 25 years from medical school at Sultan Qaboos university in Oman .Currently i am paediatric resident at Oman Medical Specialty Board (third years , R3).
Abstract
Biography
Yoo Moonsook has completed her PhD at the age of 46 years from Yonsei University in Korea and she had been clinical experience for 18years. Her major is Nursing mangement. She is the dean of Ajou University College of Nursing. She has published more than 50 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as the president of Korean Association of College of Nursing and editorial board member of Korean Home Care Nursing Association.
Abstract
PURPOSE: New graduate nurses experience a heavy work burden and stress in transitioning into professional nurses, which results in low job satisfaction and high turnover. In Korea, the turnover rate of new graduate nurses within the first year is very high at up to 29%. Positive psychological resources, such as PsyCap(Psychological Capital) and WE(Work Engagement), may promote the retention of new graduate nurses. This study examined the influence of PsyCap and WE on intention to remain in nursing, to provide data for developing a program to improve the retention of new graduate nurses. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey design was used. A structured questionnaire was answered by 156 new graduate nurses working at two tertiary hospitals and one university hospital in South Korea. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to examine the factors that influenced new graduate nurses’ intention to remain. RESULTS: The intention to remain of new graduate nurses was correlated significantly with PsyCap and WE. A hierarchical regression of intention to remain against general characteristics, PsyCap, and WE explained 33.8% of intention to remain of new graduate nurses(F = 13.185, p < .001). PsyCap(β = .413 p < .001) and WE(β = .274, p < .001) were influential in new graduate nurses’ intention to remain. CONCLUSIONS: In transitioning into a professional nurse, it is important to accumulate positive and supportive experiences to strengthen PsyCap and WE. In conclusion, to increase the intention to remain of new graduate nurses, organizational and systematic strategies should be provided to strengthen PsyCap and WE.
Biography
Pascal is a professional health and project management specialist with over six years of practical experience in program management, monitoring and evaluation for child survival, maternal and adolescent health, malaria and community health financing. Currently supporting the Butaleja MNCH project as an M&E officer, Pascal’s research interest is in the development of strategies aimed at translating research works into meaningful and relevant policies to improve health outcomes in the global south. He has worked with international organizations including Health Partners and Am ref Health Africa on a number of community health systems strengthening programs in the local settings.
Abstract
Statement of the Problem: High matternal mortality rate is one of major public health concerns in developing countries and most deaths are caused by factors attributed to pregnancy and childbirth. It is important to ensure coverage of early antenatal care services starting from the first trimester as one component to achieve these targets. World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that all pregnant women should attend antenatal care (ANC) at least four times before birth with the first being within the first 14 weeks of pregnancy. Early antenatal care visit gives the opportunity to provide screening and tests that are most effective early in the pregnancy like correct assessment of gestational age to allow for accurate treatment of preterm labour, screening for genetic and congenital disorders. Despite free ANC services in public health facilities in Uganda, only a handful of pregnant women attend first ANC visit in their first trimester. Development partners like World Vision International have developed and implemented initiatives and models like timed and targeted counselling targeting pregnant women in order to improve maternal health outcomes. This is built around evidence-based, cost effective key interventions for pregnant women and children under two that, when taken together, can significantly reduce maternal and infant/young child morbidity and mortality. This paper presents how the ttC model has positively VHTs have improved maternal and newborn health care in Butaleja district. Methodology Through the KOICA funded Butaleja Maternal, Neonatal and Child health (BMNCH) project, World Vision focused on the community based models to address the delays in seeking appropriate care and inability to access care in a timely manner. This involved roll out ttC model by the community health workers to map, health educate, follow up and refer pregnant women for early MNCH services including attendance of timely 1st ANC. Findings A pre and post intervention analysis of Health Management Information System (HMIS) dataset before and after the intervention was conducted. Trend analysis of pregnant women attending first ANC in first trimester was done and below ate the results. Figure2: Graph showing changes timely attendance of 1st ANC Conclusion Village health team members have created awareness and demand and hence increased uptake of MNCH services.
Biography
Maryam AlAli has completed breastfeeding specialist training 2017; Took lactation educator and counselling training from Texas 2014.
Abstract
Breastfeeding is very important in every single society around the world, it has many health advantages for both mother and baby. It reduces child mortality and has health benefits that extend into adulthood. It also contributes to the health and well being of mothers, reduces breast and ovarian cancer and helps spacing children. Encouraging mothers to breastfeed and supporting them is very important to help them breastfeed for longer periods. Breastfeeding awareness has recently started in Kuwait, breastfeeding rate in Kuwait and GCC are still low comparing to other societies such as Canada, as a Breastfeeding Specialist that has my own office and very active in social media spreading the awareness and the importance of breastfeeding. I conducted study where recorded 40 participants. The main reason that’s making them to give up is the society itself (family and friends, mainly) not the real breastfeeding challenges! the second reason is the baby attached to them most of the time as many families in Kuwait are dependent on nannies to take care of kids.
Biography
Christy Paul Joseph is a student currently enrolled in the 4th Year of the Bachelors in Architecture (B.Arch) Program in MAHE Manipal, Dubai Campus, UAE. His research largely revolves around the interpretative planning and schematic implementation of a design that echoes the character of a renowned genius, Leonardo Da Vinci. The design aims at complementing the tropical climate in its site of inception, while incorporating parametric façade skins that envelope the organic framework while generating a daylit illuminance in the exhibition space.
Abstract
Eco-Panelling is about the development of building envelope solutions for tropical humid climates involving passive control of thermal gains on their surfaces, allowing for better internal conditions and thermal comfort without the use of thermal machine. Environmental principles, design and technological aspects are specifically defined based on the peculiar conditions (ego climatic, technological of biodiversity and economic) present in the Middle Eastern low altitude regions, marked by constant high temperatures. Thermal and CFD simulations orient the process of experimental verification through parametric design. Within the design component presented here; different stages of development can be defined. It involves a wide literature review and the analysis of various façade configurations, placing emphasis on those solutions of a local nature and responding to the climatic conditions of the particular case of interest i.e. hot and humid climates. A number of designs were compiled and 3D modelled for the purple of analysis. Following that, a general structure was proposed guided by 3 main determining factors: functional, technological and environmental. Each group had specific factors and was translated into design possibilities but the changing parameters, their relative values and simulation based evaluations producing a conceptual parametric structure. Having defined and developed the parametric design structure the final stage looks for a particular implementation of such model where the generic values given to materials nad design technologies will be replaced by commercially available, low embedded and energy components that showed high performance levels in pre evaluations of their environmental and functional behaviour.
Biography
Kim Jeong Sun is a professor of gerontological nursing in college of nursing, and is head professor of the course of Advanced Gerontological Nursing Practitioner (AGNP) in the graduate school at Chonnam National University of Korea. She is a vice-president of Korea Gerontological Nurses Association in Korean Nurse Association, and is vice-president of the council for the curriculum of AGNP. She is an editorial member and board member of the Korean Gerontological Society.Her major areas of research include prevention of dementia, polypharmacy, falls, and long-term care for the elderly etc. She has been studying geriatric or gerontological nursing for decades, and is currently conducting a research project on prevention of dementia supported by National Research Foundation of Korea.
Abstract
Statement of the Problem: Dementia has a profound effect on society as a whole, including individuals with dementia and their families. Early detection and prevention of dementia, which is an irreversible geriatric medical problem, is the first priority at the present time before entering a super-aged society in Korea. Therefore, exploring the diagnosis process of dementia experienced by middle-aged adult children, the immediate family members of demented elderly who are more likely to develop dementia than anyone else, will identify the relevant factors for early detection of dementia, and provide basic data to explore an active intervention strategy for prevention of dementia. The purpose of this study is to explore dementia diagnosis process of the elderly with dementia from the perspective of middle-aged adult children in Korea. Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: Grounded theory methodology was utilized. Data were collected from 17 middle-aged adult children, the immediate family members of demented elderly during individual in-depth interviews. Theoretical sampling was used until the data reached saturation. Data were analyzed using the constant comparative analysis method. Findings: The core category emerged as “Missed the proper diagnosis timing†explaining the diagnosis process of dementia. It was found that middle - aged children of the demented elderly experienced 8 stages of the process from the time when they recognized the initial symptom of dementia to the diagnosis of dementia according to the time: overlooking - hesitating - avoiding - being silent - keep passing the buck - coordinating – persuading – getting the diagnosis. Conclusion & Significance: The results suggested the strategy for early diagnosis of dementia and the basis of nursing intervention to eliminate obstacles through the process of diagnosis of dementia experienced by middle - aged children of demented elderly. Furthermore, it is valuable as a basic data of dementia prevention policy for dementia families
Biography
Ashok Batra has completed his PhD at the age of 28 years from Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi.With more than 24 years of experience in the diverse areas of solid state physics/materials and their applications,he is presently a Professor of Physics.He is currently engaged in research related to the development of ambient energy harvesting and storage devices,nano particle-based chemical sensors,and organic photo voltaic solar cells.He has obtained various research grants as the principal or co-investigator from the U.S.Army/SMDC,NSF,DHS and NASA.The NASA grant was related to the International Micro gravity Laboratory-1 experiment flown aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery.A recipient of a NASA Group Achievement award and the Alabama A&M University School of Arts and Sciences Researcher of the Year award, he has published over 180 publications, including two book, book chapters,proceedings,review articles,and NASA TMs. Professor Batra is a member of SPIE, MRS, AES and AAS. He is an editorial board member of refereed international journal: Advanced Science, Engineering and Medicine.
Abstract
Functionality of nano composite Paint/PLZT films for use in pyro electric infrared sensors and piezoelectric energy harvesting devices is presented.Smart Paint/Lead Lanthanum Zirconate Titanate (Paint/PLZT)nano composite films have been fabricated by the conventional paint-brushing technique on copper substrate.The pyro electric and dielectric properties of the composite films were measured for their use in uncooled infrared detectors and thermal energy conversion devices.The properties investigated include:dielectric constants (ε' and ε’’);pyro electric coefficient(p); and conductivity as a function of temperature.From the foregoing parameters,material’s figure-of-merits,for infrared detection and thermal energy conversion,were calculated. The results indicated that composite films are functional and figure-of-merits increase with increase in amount of PLZT nano particles in paint.Based on the preliminary results obtained,it was found that the Paint/PLZT films are attractive for use in un-cooled thermal sensing elements and thermal energy conversion devices,especially in applications where flexible and curved-surface sensors are required.Efforts were also made to investigate the performance of nano composite films on copper substrate to mechanical vibrations.Thus,could be utilized for energy scavenging combining piezoelectric and pyro electric effects.
Biography
Abstract
In this study, the effects of different types of carbohydrates, vitamins and amino acids, temperature, photoperiod (light/dark cycle), initial pH, NaCl, NaNO3, sodium thiosulphate pentahydrate on biomass and lipid productivity of Synechocystis sp. were investigated. Maximum lipid productivity was achieved under the following conditions: light/dark period (24-0) (Biomass productivity: 75 Mg/L day, lipid productivity: 24 Mg/L day), sodium thiosulphate 1mM (BP: 125, LP: 32.42), initial pH 7 (BP: 109, LP: 22.89), NaNO3 (LP:0.5 g/l), sucrose %1 (BP: 194 LP: 71.93), glycine %0.1 (BP: 130, LP: 40), biotin (BP: 155, LP: 26.85) and temparuture 30°C (BP: 111, LP: 33.42). The fatty acid profiles of the selected cyanobacterial strain grown in this condition were determined using GC analysis and compared with control subjects to further validate biodiesel quality. Fatty acid profiles of the cyanobacterial cell were used to estimate biodiesel quality parameters including saturated fatty acid (%), mono unsaturated fatty acid (%), poly unsaturated fatty acid (%), degree of unsaturation, saponification value (mg/g), cetane number, long chain saturated factor, cold filter plugging point (°C), cloud point (°C), pour point (°C), allylic position equivalent, bis-allylic position equivalent, oxidation stability (h), higher heating value, kinematic vscosity (mm2/s), density (g/cm3).
Biography
Vivian Y Lee has completed her Master’s degree from Massey University in New Zealand. She is currently conducting her PhD studies at The University of Sydney.
Abstract
Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been identified as a necessary cause of cervical cancer, but is uniquely vaccine preventable. HPV vaccine programs face several challenges such as high rates of local adverse events (AE) and psychogenic responses which may reduce vaccine acceptance and contribute to low coverage rates. Exercise at the time of vaccination has been investigated for its potential to adjuvant the immune response, which would be a valuable effect in multi-dose vaccines such as HPV. Notably, exercise may also provide analgesic effects to reduce pain and alter the occurrence of AE. Method: 116 students (11-13yrs) receiving HPV vaccinations through the school vaccination program were randomized to control (Con) or exercise groups (Ex). Control-group received the vaccination according to usual-care procedure; exercise-group completed a 15-min moderate exercise task prior to the normal vaccination procedure. Participants completed a seven day AE diary with parental supervision. Results: On average 90% of participants reported an AE per dose. Reported number of days with pain in Ex decreased from dose 1 (2.00±0.23) to dose 2 (1.54±0.23) while it increased for Con (Dose 1: 1.91±0.24; Dose 2: 2.00±0.25; p=0.140). Reported number of days with tenderness decreased in both Ex and Con (p=0.01), with a steeper decrease in Ex (Dose 1: 2.14±0.25; Dose 2: 1.29±0.25) than Con (Dose1: 2.12±0.26; Dose 2: 1.75±0.27). Reported pain and fear of the injection was not different between groups. Conclusion: Preliminary analysis shows a trend for a benefit in using exercise as an intervention to improve the vaccination process for children. Furthermore, the practicality of this intervention within a school vaccination program seems to be reasonable with all parties involved being satisfied with the logistics.
Biography
Lu Jia-fen worked at the St. Pauls Hospital, specialized in pediatric and acute illness. Had served as leader of pediatric ward, obstetric ward, gynecology ward, maternity ward, baby room, and now work at the emergency field. She is enthusiastic about the pediatric clinical care and developing clinical medical aids with academic field. The uses of therapeutic plays to reduce pressure and fear of child patients , helping receiving treatment, and to improve the quality of nursing care and profession. Related academic articles are verified by Taiwan Nursing Institute and by Taiwan Evidence-Based Medicine Association.
Abstract
Question statement: Respiratory tract infection is the primary cause of the death of children under five years of age. The disposal will be spray treatment, but the child patients usually resist clinically. Thus it affect the treatment result. Before treatment, therapeutic play , instructions and technical operations, can be useful for preschool child patients to transfer pressure and fear, to increase acceptance, and to understand practical usefulness. Purpose : To explore the acceptance of respiratory therapy of the preschool child patients, to improve the effective discharge of sputum of the hospitalized children, and to evaluate the effect of therapeutic play on preschool child patients' respiratory therapy. Methodological and theoretical orientation: This study was Quasi-Experimental Design, Enrolled 3-6-year-old pre-school young children of the Division of Pediatrics wards in a certain regional hospital as the subjects, divided into two groups (experimental group and control group) to a total of 40 people. The control group did not use the therapeutic play; the experimental group was added the guiding play type of therapeutic play. Taking into account the development characteristics of hospitalized children, and therefore to use self-designed LED blowing device and some real medical supplies for therapeutic play before the treatment. Afterwards, we can realize the usefulness of practical uses by persuading parents to fill out Child Temperament Scale" and Nursing Guidance Satisfaction Questionnaire .result: The use of therapeutic plays improve the effectiveness of respiratory therapy. In the experimental group, the interventional measures can significantly improve the correlation coefficient of child temperament and emotional regulation (p <.05) and Nursing Guidance Satisfaction reaching 97.1% Conclusion: The use of therapeutic play can improve the effectiveness of treatment, can also reduce the hospital hospital pressure and fear, thereby enhancing the quality of clinical care and care and professional ability.
Biography
Abstract
Biography
Dr. Siqun Wang is a Professor in the UT Center for Renewable Carbon. His research interests include Nano-mechanics, cellulose nano materials, bio-based carbon materials, manufacture and performance of wood-based composites, natural fiber-reinforced plastic composites, bio nanocomposites, wood adhesion, cellulose nano material impact on soil, soil recovery, heave metal removal from water, and wood quality. Dr. Wang has authored or co-authored more than 200 referred journal articles.
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with similar size and various surface charge densities were prepared by sulfuric acid hydrolysis and NaOH desulfation. The influence of surface charge density and NaCl concentration on the intrinsic viscosity of CNC suspensions and predicted aspect ratio were investigated by Ubbelohde viscometer. With decreased CNC surface charge density, the intrinsic viscosity initially decreased due to the electric double layers on the CNC surface and subsequently increased due to CNC aggregation. To screen electroviscous effect, NaCl was added into CNC suspensions. With increased NaCl concentration, the intrinsic viscosity of CNC suspensions first decreased and then increased. The aspect ratios of CNCs predicted by Batchelor equation from the minimum intrinsic viscosity were consistent with that measured by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Suspensions of CNCs with higher surface charge density needed less NaCl to obtain minimum intrinsic viscosity. The NaCl content that should be added to the suspension to predict the actual physical aspect ratio of CNC can be estimated by Debye-Hückel theory, assuming that the Debye length is equal to the CNC diameter.
Biography
Prof. Czamara is an author and coauthor of 59 scientific articles. Since 2012 he has been an Associate Professor at College of Physiotherapy in Wroclaw, Poland. Prof. Czamara is a specialist in physiotherapy and runs his private practice as an physiotherapist. Since 1997 professor has been managing the Rehabilitation Centre in Wroclaw. He founded the College of Physiotherapy in Wroclaw where he has been an academic teacher since 1999. Since 2010 prof. Czamara has been the President of College of Physiotherapy located in Wroclaw. Email: a.czamara@wsf.wroc.pl
Abstract
Statement of the Problem: The efficiency of walking is often the focus of therapeutic interventions for patients with cerebral palsy (CP) as its decrease has been shown to be predictive of reduced capacity for activity, participation and social interaction. To date, there are some general findings about the effect of Nordic Walking (NW) training, however none of them advocate to patients with CP. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of a NW training on a march on a treadmill ergospirometry parameters and a heart rate in a patient with CP. Methodology: The studied patient was a 16 years old male with spastic diplegia, with neurological signs in both lower limbs, but without functional involvement of upper limbs and no mental retardations. Five times a week for 12 weeks, the patient performed 40-minutes long NW training. The training was being monitored using application installed on a smartphone and saved on the user account, to which access was allowed to the researchers. The patient underwent the ergospirometry test using the MetaLyzer 3B-R3 device. The measurement was performed twice: before (PRE training) and after (POST training) the 12-week long training. The obtained values of walking time, maximal walking speed, Maximal Oxygen Consumption; Oxygen Consumption normalized to patient’s body mass; Carbon Dioxide Production, Pulmonary Ventilation, and a maximal heart rate were analyzed. The differences in studied parameters between the first and the second measurement were expressed in percenters (%). Findings: The intra-measurement comparison revealed an improvement of studied parameters (Table 1). Conclusions: The applied 12-week long NW training improved ergospirometry parameters with HR max remaining on the same level as an effect of positive adaptation to an exercise with higher load. The increase of walking efficiency after application of a NW training in CP patients should be studied on a larger sample.
Biography
Mr. YIK Tak Wai is a nursing student studying Bachelor Degree of Health Sciences (Major in Nursing) at Tung Wah College in Hong Kong. Mr. Yik is the representative of the group to give the presentation in the conference. His research interests include antibiotics use, primary health, and nursing education.
Abstract
Antibiotics are important treatment for infections. Since Penicillin was discovered, antibiotics resistance has become an important health concern because antibiotics misuse is evidenced as a major leading cause of antibiotics resistance. Public awareness on antibiotic resistance and antibiotic use is reported relatively weak. This study was to examine knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) about antibiotics use and how patient-doctor relationships (PDR) in Hong Kong population. A cross-sectional design was used with a convenience sample. A structured face-to-face interview was conducted using a validated questionnaire. A total of 259 subjects were eligible to join this study. Most of them aged from 20 to 29 years old (42.5%) with mean age 37.44 years old (SD14.42). More than half (~64%) were female and had obtained tertiary or higher education (63.3%). A majority of participants perceived their personal health fair to good (91.5%). Knowledge about antibiotics use was relatively better (mean 7.51 SD 2.50) but the PDR was poorer (mean 3.20 SD 1.60). Of 259 subjects, about 40% were at least prescribed to have antibiotic treatment. Most of the subjects (~80%) had good practice of antibiotics use. The results showed that knowledge (r=0.133, p=0.032) and attitudes (r=0.136, p=0.029) of antibiotic use were significantly associated with PDR. Their good practice can be attributed to their better knowledge and attitudes on antibiotics use. Since PDR has positive effects on knowledge and attitudes of antibiotics use, it is crucial to promote PDR in order to increase the awareness of appropriate use of antibiotics in public.
Biography
Ismail Ismail is PhD student at the State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemical Biology, National Engineering Research Center of Pesticide (Tianjin), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China. His 02 paper published in the Royal Society of Chemistry. He has his expertise in the synthesis of fluorescent probes for H2S biology. Much of his research focuses on developing chemical tools for H2S detection and quantification. Developing new chemical tools to detect and modulate biological H2S. Such tools include fluorescent, and colorimetric methods for H2S detection and quantification focused on imaging H2S in live cells, zebrafish, and mice. Drawing parallels to the positive impacts of chemical tools for detection, quantification, and delivery of biological HOCl, His anticipation about newlydeveloped chemical tools will enable new investigations into the multifaceted roles H2S and others cellular signaling gaseous molecules in biology and facilitate new discoveries in human health and disease.
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an important critical gaseous endogenous signaling molecule with emerging at the center of a rich field of chemical and biological research. H2S could be enzymatically produced in vivo. The biological concentration of H2S in the central nervous system and blood plasma are in the range of 50-160 μM and 10-100 μM, respectively. Studies have revealed that the H2S level in vivo is correlated with numerous diseases, including the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease, down syndrome, diabetes and liver cirrhosis. Numerous physiological and pathological processes have been recognized to be linked to H2S, many of its underlying molecular events in vivo remain largely unknown and needs to be explored. A major challenge for H2S detection in biological systems is to develop a highly selective and sensitive probe that exhibits distinctive response to micromolar H2S over other cellular molecules, especially for millimolar biothiols. Therefore, it presents significant research value to develop efficient advanced chemical and technological tools for selective and sensitive H2S detection and imaging in order to gain a more detailed understanding. To address this challenge, H2S-triggered chemical reactions, including nucleophilic addition, reduction of azide or nitro to amine, copper precipitation, thiolysis of dinitrophenyl ether, and thiolysis of NBD dyes, have been successfully employed to develop fluorescent probes for detection of biological H2S. A new NBD-based fluorescent turn-on probe was developed for H2S detection in aqueous buffer and in living cells. The probes are based on the fast and selective thiolyling of the NBD amine. The probe 1 showed 19-fold red fluorescent turn-on upon H2S activation. The probe could react rapidly with H2S (k2= 27.8 M-1s-1) to give 19-fold turnon red-emitting fluorescence with excellent selectivity of 10 μM concentration. The probe is highly sensitive and selective toward H2S over other biologically relevant species. The probe was lowcytotoxic and mitochrondria-targeted (Pearson coefficient 0.947 with Mito-Tracker Green), which was successfully used for monitoring H2S in living cells, zebrafish and mice. This work further highlights that thiolysis of the NBD amine is a useful reaction for development of fluorescent H2S probes.
Biography
Morgan Cullings ,Valparaiso, Indiana, United States
Abstract
Purpose Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a debilitating psychological condition that affect 3.1% of the American population and is one of the leading causes of disability (Anxiety and Depression Association of America, 2022; Baxter, 2014). The purpose of this evidence-based practice project is to implement a multimodal intervention to decrease GAD symptoms in adults in the primary care setting. Synthesis of Supporting Evidence A comprehensive literature search of six databases and citation chasing was conducted to determine the best treatment practices for GAD in primary care. The search generated 14 pieces of high-level evidence supporting the implementation of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), lifestyle modifications including exercise, and pharmacotherapy (Andrews, et al., 2018; Andrews, Basu, & Cuijpers, et al., 2018; Aylett, et al., 2018; Carpenter, et al., 2018; Firth, et al., 2017; Graham, et al., 2020; Henriksson, et al., 2022; Lizarondo & Magtoto, 2021; Mathews, 2021; NICE, 2021; Pamaiahgari, et al.,2021; Parker, et al., 2021; Slade, 2021; Slee, et al., 2019).
Biography
Abstract
Introduction The author Derek C Beatty on 23 February 1994 at 6.30pm in St Albans, Hertfordshire, England, in Dry Weather and Dark, experienced a very serious diabetic hypoglycaemia and neuroglycopenia event caused by incorrectly prescribed insulin by his medical team to treat Type 1 Diabetes for 9 years before hand. This led to many years of hypoglycaemia unawareness which went undiagnosed by his medical clinicians for many years. Following experience of this life changing event, and with detailed forensic investigation, he discovered he had been incorrectly treated with an estimated 20% overdose of the wrong insulin for 9 years beforehand having first been diagnosed in late 1978 and treated with porcine insulin for 6 years prior to being switched in 1985 to Human Insulin by his GP without access to blood glucose monitoring testing device and test strips and no dosage reduction as was advised by the Medicines Control Agency MCA at the time, nor suitable education from his NHS contracted clinicians on how to manage this new insulin regime with required support from his family. The experience in 1994 was life changing and devasting for the writer with family breakdown and massive financial loss caused by alleged medical negligence and wilful neglect at the time of the Hypoglycaemia incident along with suggested cover up. On switch back to porcine insulin at his personal insistence and supported by several professional friends his warning signs of hypoglycaemia returned and his health improved. He has experienced other complications of diabetes over the years but even in Pandemic Lockdown he has enjoyed reasonable health with positive motivation to research issues involving insulin used as a treatment for Diabetes to help others. His investigation has identified a possible Immunogenic link between insulin and Covid-19 in need of further research after statistical disclosure of suggestions that 25-30% of Covid-19 patient deaths are patients with Diabetes, both Type 1 and Type 2, many Type 2 patients being slightly or very obese and other lifestyle factors which may have contributed to premature death for many patients. To help research into understanding the increased infection risk of diabetes patients exposed to Covid-19 the author has decided to make available his findings to assist in research to prevent further loss of life and finding a cure for Covid-19 and to help others based on his 42 years experience with diabetes and medical device and diagnostics in his 48 year career in healthcare. The author believes ill health and death of many Covid-19 patients with diabetes whose lives might have been saved may have had patient experiences similar to his but such information has not been widely disclosed by patients to their clinicians possibly out of embarrassment and lack of patient knowledge of hypoglycaemia unawareness leaving society in many countries with a serious mental health issue likely to take decades to come to terms with. Had the issues been addressed correctly and immunogenic links between diabetes and insulin properly researched from late 1980’s/early 1990’s we may today be in a much stronger position to address and manage the Covid-19 Pandemic. Interestingly it is noted in late 2020 that Insulin, first discovered by Banrting, Best and Macleod and used in 1922 has been re-addressed by the charity Diabetes UK, Balance Winter 2020, Issue 289 P34 ‘To The Point’ - Insulin Types: Human Analogue; Human; Animal. It is recognised the medical profession worldwide when treating diabetes have remained focused on their own personal interests and research and protection of their professional career and at times been defocused to the care and welfare of patients, their families, and carers, and ignorant of the fact that treatment of a patient with the long term chronic health condition of diabetes requires care, support and education of the patient, his/her family, friends, and work colleagues. Since March 1994 has led me to investigate in detail what exactly happened to me which I was unaware of having placed my trust in my prescribing doctors, my ex-wife, my estranged daughter, and certain friends and extended family at the time all of whom betrayed me at a time of near death, negligently failed to summons an A1 Ambulance emergency at a time of temporary mental impairment caused by my being deliberately prescribed a 20% overdose of the wrong insulin for 9 years leading to my near death on 23 February 1994 caused by alleged criminal conduct of a GP, and on call GP (deceased); and others when my daughter aged 11 at the time the GP classified as Gilleck-competent when legal interpretation of Gillick-competence is around 14. Fear and paranoia associated with hypopituitarism, Addison’s Disease possible mistreatment, has also been investigated. The research has involved Endocrine Health Disorder; Mental and Temporary Mental Impairment associated with Hypopituitarism, Addison’s Disease, Diabetes, Insulin, Immunogenicity, and likely now Covid-19 infection link Pancreatic malfunction in patients with diabetes means the need for daily insulin injection into the patient bloodstream for patient survival in Type 1 Diabetes and also in many Type 2 patients.to prevent hyperglycaemia or ketoacidosis which if uncorrected can cause death and at the same time prevent hypoglycaemia which in the event of such if uncorrected can cause death. This investigation was first suggested to me by a local Police Constable ex Metropolitan Police Drugs Squad and Hertfordshire Constabulary in 1994 (before Covid-19) on discovery of hypoglycaemia unawareness issues associated with Human Insulin v Animal Insulin, never acknowledged or taken seriously by certain English courts from 1994 leading to discovery of Fresh Published Evidence informed to me personally by Prof Vincent Marks, February 2018, a leading UK forensic scientist expert in Insulin with information about Hypoglycaemia, Hypoglycaemia Unawareness, Use of Insulin as a weapon, Low Blood Glucose in unexplained premature baby deaths, and published February 2019, leading on further investigation to likely immunogenic link to Covid-19 and statistical fact that 25-30% of sad Covid-19 deaths in England can be attributed to persons with Diabetes. Evidence review by Police Scotland March 2017 led to advice that matter be placed with the GMC General Medical Council for investigation, inquiry, implemented November 2017, and again in August 2020, following suspicious possible breach of the Data Protection Act by attempted illegal enforced subject access in January 2020. A. A public immunity argument now exists to place my findings in the public domain to prevent further loss of life and public suffering in Pandemic times with associated link between Diabetes and 25 – 30% Covid-19 deaths in England. B. The investigation to prevent and detect crime has at relevant times been informed to the Police having been registered as a disabled person on 8 October 2004 by Hertfordshire Adult Care Services and since 2017 informed to Police Scotland. C. The insulin link with diabetes and immunogenicity was first presented in Edinburgh in 1988 G Scharnthaner ‘Is Human Insulin Better than Animal Insulin in the Treatment of Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus?’ with much research at the time. When licences were granted in the UK, EU and USA, to market human insulin much of this research work was put aside and the focus became to concentrate on preventing diabetes complications, retinopathy leading to impaired vision and blindness; neuropathy; kidney disease; heart disease; lower limb amputations; many people have suffered including in some instances premature unexplained death. D. Statistical analysis has identified that in England persons with diabetes, obesity, reduced infection protection probably caused by viral infection risk to patients when in state of hypo or hyper glycaemia and not norm glycaemia leading to paper published The Lancet October 2020 that 25-30% of Covid-19 deaths in England in 1 March – 11 May 2020. Of 23,698 Covid-19 related hospital deaths in England in the period 7,867 were patients with diabetes. I am not aware at this stage what the equivalent statistics are for Scotland. This is a tragedy. On the balance of probability if information placed contained in the Low Task Force Report, December 1992, had been placed in full in the public domain and at the time further research into immunogenicity and insulin undertaken and how best to treat diabetes, insulin type, dose, exercise, diet, alcohol and tobacco leading to health complications, many of these lives might have been saved, and recovery of others possible. E. Vitamin D deficiency has been identified in ethnic minority patients including Windrush Immigrants and ethnic minority NHS employee patients who have sadly died. F. Until we have prevention vaccine DNA (low temperature vaccine coming into the UK) or RNA (fridge temperature) with approvals granted DNA first vaccine, and RNA submissions ongoing, then life remains challenging. G. We must continue to social distance and minimise social contact. H. We will get through this if we are all, and I mean all, sensible and careful. We can celebrate later but we are in this together and we all have a personal duty of care to help one another. If we do not the consequences are major risk to many along with exposure to criminal neglect especially as persons with diabetes, Type 1 and Type 2 are vulnerable persons as identified in law and at risk of temporary mental impairment when exposed to or experiencing hypoglycaemia which can lead to neuroglycopenia and hyperglycaemia with tiredness and cognitive mental health issues which is affecting many as reported in Lockdown Surveys conducted by Generation Scotland and Healthwatch Hertfordshire. 1. A Covid-19 Care Home Death Investigation in Scotland and England I believe will justify the requirement of a Multi-Agency approach with disclosure of sensible patient record information possibly by family agreement and subject to Data Protection Compliance with NHS Scotland (or NHS England); Social Services (City/County Councils); The Police; The GMC, General Medical Council. 2. My incident of 23 February 1994 was in the first instance investigated by Hertfordshire Social Services and Hertfordshire Constabulary and later by Trafford Social Services and Greater Manchester Police; and by the GMC General Medical Council following judiciary advice in court hearings that conduct of a GP and her medical colleagues be referred to the GMC for investigation of alleged Medical Negligence and Gross Misconduct in Public Office. No co-ordination of these inquiries was ever undertaken at the time and should have been to address Temporary Mental Impairment, Neuroglycopenia, Hypoglycaemia Emergency under the legal jurisdiction of the Mental Health Act which as an alleged victim of wilful neglect crime effected against me I am legally entitled to protective jurisdiction of this Act. Ref: Northampton Crown Court, November 1999 R v Proprietor Oathurst House Elderly Care and Services. 3. Failure to place the Low Task Force Report 1992 full interpretation in the public domain it is reasonable to understand why at the time the police constables and others were unaware of hypoglycaemia unawareness and neuroglycopenia discovered after the event and partly investigated at the time with a sensible conclusion involving Police Constables in attendance based on available evidence at the time. Fresh evidence raises further questions to be answered and placed in the public domain. 4. I address that in respect of any allegations of harassment conduct suggested since 24 February 1994 such has been pursued in this matter for the purpose of preventing and detecting crime and that in all particular circumstances course of conduct was reasonable but questioned at times by the Police due to lack of available knowledge of diabetes and on the balance of probability causing serious miscarriage of justice for many over 26 years. 5. I am in no doubt that had the condition of Temporary Mental Impairment involving Diabetic Hypoglycaemia Unawareness and Neuroglycopenia often leading to Alzheimer’s Disease been fully investigated in 1994/5 on observations of the Solicitor and advisor to the Legal Aid Board, England, that the ongoing issues of Mental Impairment in Diabetes now identified by NHS Diabetes Scotland, Diabetes UK, IDDT, and others, on the balance of probability the NHS could have been better prepared to understand the Immunogenic Issues with insulin treatment of diabetes and probable link to infection exposure risk which may have prevented, or at least provided a better opportunity of recovery, of 7,867 deaths of Covid-19 patients who have sadly died in England from Covid-19 Pandemic in the period 1 March to 11 May 2020, published 13 August 2020. 6. My motivation to investigate this matter has been to create improved awareness of the issues involving diabetic hypoglycaemia to the public through charities the Independent Diabetes Trust and Diabetes UK and especially through these charities to assist in DVLA awareness of the problem and prevent car accidents and awareness in schools and colleges with the significant increase of incidence of diabetes with schoolchildren and students since 1994. 7. The witness experience of my daughter to life threatening neuroglycopenia and hypoglycaemia event on 23 February 1994 appears to have been deliberately suppressed by abuse and alleged cover up conspiracy which justified my contact with this witness on occasions detailed in NHS, Police, and Social Services Records which at the time were ordered to be referred to a Child Psychiatrist in 1995 at the RCJ, London, and the Official Solicitor to the Supreme Court. This did not happen and was prevented by conduct of several persons. A public immunity argument now justifies disclosure. 8. Protection from Harassment does not apply to an investigation of detecting or preventing crime. (3)Subsection (1) does not apply to a course of conduct if the person who pursued it shows— (a)that it was pursued for the purpose of preventing or detecting crime, (c)that in the particular circumstances the pursuit of the course of conduct was reasonable. Fresh Published Evidence not previously disclosed as evidence in many Diabetes Legal Cases includes: 1. Role and prevalence of impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia in ambulance service attendances to people who have had a severe hypoglycaemic emergency: a mixed-methods study; Duncan EAS BMJ 2017 2. R v Proprietor Oathurst House Care Home, Northampton Crown Court, November 1999. Resident diagnosed Alzheimer disease, died. Agency collaboration Police, Social Services, NHS 3. Two patients with neuroglycopenia – Dizon; Danese; Hoogwerf; CNS Symptoms and spells; Cleveland Clinic Journal; February 1998 4. A Case Report of Neuroglycopenic Coma with Diffuse Cortical Involvement – Kumar; Latha; Ramadevi; Bhaskar; Hypoglycaemia, Neuroglycopenia, Death. Austin Journal of Clinical Neurology, 2017 5. Forensic Aspects of Hypoglycaemia – Derek Beatty, World Diabetes 2020, Journal of Diabetes and Metabolism, Extended Abstract, Longdom, August 2020 6. Diabetes and Covid-19 Pandemic – A T1 Patient Perspective – Derek Beatty Journal of Diabetes and Metabolism, Longdom, August 2020 7. Associations of type 1 and type 2 diabetes with COVID-19- related mortality in England: a whole population study – Barron; Bakhai; Partha Kar; Weaver; Bradley; Ismal; Knighton;; Halman; Khunti; Sattar; Wareham; Young; Valabhji; The Lancet October 2020 8. Immunogenic Issues in Diabetes and Implications for Covid-19 Research, Report to Scottish Parliament, Derek Beatty, October 2020 9. Is Human Insulin Better than Animal Insulin in the Treatment of Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus? G Schernthaner, Edinburgh 1988 10. R v Sheppard [1981] A.C. 394 is precedent case law confirming Wilful Neglect by the alleged offender Heather R Beatty and others 11. National Diabetes Inpatient Audit England, 2019 England Published 13 November 2020 Full Report The occurrence of some important and life-threatening harms remain unchanged: Severe hypoglycaemic episodes in inpatients with type 1 diabetes 12. Immunogenic Issues in Diabetes and Implications for Covid-19 Research Update Report as an unpaid volunteer to assist Diabetes Research Groups and Covid-19 Research submitted to the Scottish Government by my MSP. I write this report as a person with Type 1 Diabetes diagnosed 43 years ago, treated with insulin for over 42 years, and with a 48 year career in healthcare involving experience in diagnostic laboratory testing, radiology and MRI, respiratory and diabetes. My investigations into insulin therapy commenced over 26 years ago after experience of a life threatening neuroglycopenia event in 1994 caused by alleged medical and professional negligence in the public domain. Publication of ‘Forensic Aspects of Hypoglycaemia’ V Marks 2019; ‘Insulin A Voice for Choice’ A Teuscher 2007; and identification of potential clinical links between insulin and infection exposure has led to renewed review of published clinical studies from 1993 and the possible immunological link to Covid-19 infection exposure leaving many sad deaths of patients with long term diabetes overcome by Covid-19. My hope is that these findings will assist clinical science in research to produce a vaccine to prevent Covid-19 and find a cure to treat those affected and extended to other health conditions with immunological risk exposure. Introduction 1. Investigation of published evidence from 1993 into Immunological Issues associated with Insulin and Diabetes is relevant to the fact that in England an estimated 25-30% of Covid-19 patient deaths are patients with diabetes as informed in the public domain. This report is hereby submitted to the Scottish Parliament by my MSP, to Edinburgh University, and others interested. 2. Events in respect of this matter are similar to the Factor 8 Haemophilia Medical Issue leading to ongoing Public Inquiry with results awaited and delayed due to Covid-19. The ITV documentary 'In Cold blood' screened on TV in recent weeks is a good summary of patient and family experiences leading to the HIV pandemic. In many respects the human insulin debacle is similar with the GM medical treatment being the first use of GM technology to produce commercially GM Human Insulin following UK research into DNA and RNA by Watson and Crick and commercial link between Genetech and Eli Lilly then Novo Nordisk. Immunogenic Issues 1. Studies about human insulin were limited before 1980 as significant amounts of human insulin could not be obtained. Research understanding of DNA and RNA by Watson and Crick led to a flurry of research used to produce genetically engineered human insulin. Drug company clinical trials approval was granted by licencing authorities in August 1982 to launch Human Insulin in the UK to treat diabetes patients and subsequently in October 1982 in Germany and the USA. Today Genetically Engineered GM Human Insulin with many combinations is prescribed every day throughout the world to treat diabetes. The pharmaceutical industry successfully purified human and animal insulin with safety advice available to prescribing clinicians and licensing bodies and accepted by prescribing clinicians worldwide. 2. In 2020 it is estimated that around 25 - 30% of the sad Covid-19 deaths are people who have an underlying health condition, often diabetes. NHS England statistics appear to endorse this. Today in 2020 immunological questions arise as to why patients with diabetes are more at risk of contracting Covid-19 often with tragic results. In 1988 presented in Edinburgh by G Schernthaner (Austria) was: Is Human insulin better than Animal Insulin in the Treatment of Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus? 3. Is the Diabetes Covid-19 link immunological? Scientific published information reviewed many years ago now suggests there may be a link between type of insulin and why some very ill Covid-19 patients treated with insulin for diabetes may be at more risk. 4. In the mid 1990’s published content was reviewed by a UK barrister (deceased) who was involved with the ‘Legal Opinion about Human Insulin’, Forrest & Evans, 26 January 1993. This advice reviewed a sample of 900 diabetes patient experiences with legal opinion addressing issues raised from the Low Task Force Draft Report, Posner, December 1992 from an estimated sample of 3,000 letters sent to the BDA. The Human Insulin Solicitors Group had been set up with a steering committee elected at a Law Society Meeting in London of over 200 firms who had been contacted by over 1,000 diabetic patients considering legal action against the drug companies by diabetic patients who believed they had suffered damage as a result of their insulin prescription having been changed to Human Insulin. The evidence was collated up to and including the summer of 1992 funded by the Legal Aid Board, England. 5. The Chairman of the Steering Group wrote to me on 9 October 1997 in detail. He advised counsel were unable to consider individual medical negligence cases and advice was to the Legal Aid Board. In order to prove that any GP could have been negligent in their prescribing by change of insulin from animal to human insulin it would be necessary to prove that the medication itself could in fact cause harm. 6. A key advisor Professor T was very clearly of the view that human insulin, while having benefits for those who had never been treated with animal insulin, did have potential side effects in those diabetics who had previously been used to animal insulin. 7. It had already been established that in multi-party cases involving medication the Department of Health was an inappropriate defendant. The choice was available between animal and human insulin. All the marketing suggested that human insulin was best, which was logical, however the insulin was not from human beings but a genetically engineered version of porcine insulin (Novo) or yeast (Lilly). Human insulin was the nearest one could get without taking insulin cadavers. The pharmaceutical industry had decided that the future of the insulin market was in Human insulin, invested in the opportunity, and achieved global licence safety approval. 8. Side effects – The steering committee trawled around 800 articles produced under the headings of diabetes, hypoglycaemia and insulin, in the 10 years prior to when the investigation started. Side effects – 2 classes were identified: a) Neurological – tremor and confusion b) Physical – sweating and shaking 9. Forensic case law in hypoglycaemia unawareness beyond reasonable doubt identifies alleged violence complaints and abnormal aggressive behaviour when treatment of acute hypoglycaemia and neuroglycopenia is deliberately denied of the diabetes patient as was personal experience, 23 February 1994, when witnesses and on call GP deliberately refused to summons ambulatory/paramedic help. 10. The difference between human and animal insulin was not the actual side effects but the order in which they came. Animal insulin caused the physical effects which enabled the brain to react while the general view was that with human insulin the neurological effects happened first and prevented the brain to act in a way which did not allow the diabetic patient to recognise the physical causes leading to loss of warnings of hypoglycaemia. At the time this was not backed up by any of the published studies but subsequently detailed by Teuscher in his published papers, and in his book ‘Insulin, A Voice for Choice’ published October 2007, Karger. The diabetic community around the world at the time tried to rubbish Professor Teuscher. I personally witnessed this at an International Diabetes Conference in Helsinki, 1997. 11. It had been hoped a further large randomised statistical clinical trial would be implemented. The pharmaceutical industry at the time had no reason to financially support such research as human insulin clinical approval and safety had been successfully achieved worldwide. 12. Res ipsa loquitur usually applies in medical negligence but in human insulin the scientific evidence was not there at the time. It is now. 13. Plaintiffs must set out their grievances in detail for a court to consider to which Defendants would have to answer. 14. Peter Stott remained convinced that one day there will be evidence which will prove that human insulin has a detrimental effect on those previously on animal insulin. 15. The key question now arises from the reported statistical facts that in patients who have died from Covid-19 in England 25-30% have been identified as having a previous health condition of diabetes, probably both Type 1 and Type 2, and on the balance of probability this suggests the need in any Covid-19 Public Inquiry to address the diabetes link in detail with further research in the immunological issues involved. 16. The American Diabetes Association, 3 December 1993 published in Diabetes Care, Supplement 3, ‘Human Insulin – A Decade of Experience and Future Developments’. This includes Human Insulin after 10 years, J S Skyler. This suggested along with G Schernthaner that human insulin has favourable immunogenicity and should be used to treat T2 diabetes patients. Hypoglycaemia unawareness is referred to along with the hypothesis could human insulin prevent T2 diabetes? Can the immunogenicity mediate β cell damage? Does human insulin metabolically cause dawn regulation of anti β cell immune response? 17. The History of Insulin – M Bliss, In 1889 insulin was named by Minkowski and Mering in reference to Pancreatectomy. In diabetes insulin was described as a mysterious substance responsible for metabolic control. Research in animals by Banting and Best, Collip and Macleod identified a dog experiencing a hypoglycaemic attack which later died. On 11 January 1922 in Toronto Leonard Thompson, aged 14, was injected with insulin from pig extract produced by Collip and treated by Banting and Best. On 23 January 1922 success was announced. Eli Lilly started to manufacture insulin in the USA and in 1923 Novo took to Denmark and the wife of Krogh was treated. 18. Gestational Diabetes GDM – DR Coustan stated 25% of GDM patients need insulin and 20 years later 40& of GDM women develop overt diabetes. 19. New Directions – Mixtures, Analogues, Modelling- JA Galloway. Focus is to reduce complications of diabetes. Peak effects of insulin occur 3-4 hours after injection and up to 8 hours. Remaining insulin after injection can remain in the body up to 24 hours and often up to 36 hours and further injections can lead to a build up of insulin action hence the need for glucose stabilisation in conjunction with daily lifestyle. GM human insulin has a changed molecule on the alanine chain at Lys (β28) Pro (β29). C-peptide can be normal or elevated in NIDDM but deficient in IDDM. In 1993 this was regarded as of no consequence in respect of quality of life issues. Could this be relevant to immunogenicity in Covid-19? 20. Insulin Regimes and strategies for IDDM – B Zinman. Insulin injection can cause death, ambient temperature, exercise, food intake, intra subject variation is considerable. Human insulin peak action leads to hypo risk especially during sleep. In 1993 55% long term patients on beef slow acting insulin, switch to porcine or human insulin could cause problems. In 2020 variations occur in hospitalised patients, insulin time, dose change. In forensic analysis of Covid-19 diabetes patient deaths what are the treatment regimes in place before hospital transfer and at home? 21. Insulin therapy in T2 diabetes – VA Koivistyo. Insulin therapy can have an anti-atherogenic effects on serum lipid profile. It stimulates glucose uptake and enhances glucose oxidation and storage in muscle tissue leading to T1 mortality to macrovascular complications up to 2-4 times normal. Data on T2 hypo insulin event was scant. Infection risk? 22. Hypoglycaemia Unawareness in IDDM – PE Cryer. Patients suffered 1-2 hypo events per week reducing symptoms and defences against hypo unawareness. Potential infection risk? Life goes on but insulin reactions change over time and circumstance. Infection risk? 23. Hyperinsulinemia – how innocent a bystander? PZ Zimmet, Caulfield, Australia. Nauajo Indians, Prima Indians, Asian Indians, Chinese, weight gain issues. Insulin resistance. Insulin is a survival hormone. Papua New Guinea. Cardiovascular studies plus NIDDM lifestyle leading to T2 diabetes. A powerful moral dilemma faces public health workers while molecular biologists and clinical research scientists attempt to understand the role of hyperinsulinemia in the etiology in these noncommunicable diseases. 24. Noctural Blood Glucose Control in Pregnancy – Bolli et al, Italy. Somogyi Phenomenon 1938, Hypo and hyper popular in 1950’s during sleep. Human insulin absorbed faster. One ammino acid molecule different on the alanine chain. Daily dose of insulin reduced 10 – 25% when switching from animal to human insulin. 25. Sweet Success with Diabetes – Pregnancy- JL Kitzmiller -Insulin therapy for glycaemic control – USA special diabetes and pregnancy clinics to reduce high levels of mortality, diagnosis, surveillance, nocturnal hypoglycaemia for balance and near normoglycaemia as outpatient. Tight glycaemic control prevents foetal macrosomia, birth trauma, respiratory distress, congenital malformation. Dietary therapy is crucial to success, estrogen protects uterus arteries. Insulin resistance in pregnancy, more insulin is needed for glycaemic control therefore more hypos. Pump therapy, Farquar, 1969, Edinburgh, reviewed 210 children of T1D mothers. 26. Further developments – Insulin Delivery.CD Saudek. DCCT improved BG reduces diabetes complications. Insulin absorption, injection site, depth of skin, infusion pumps, implanted pumps, nasal therapy, 1935 and 1993. 27. R & D Safety of Biosynthetic Insulin-Chance, Frank. R- DNA origin and insulin first genetically engineered treatment. Yeast used by Lilly, porcine used by Novo. Humalin 1982, RNA and DNA technology, Watson and Crick. Much PR activity, May 1976 Lilly Symposium, first approval August 1982, 1980 first volunteers, Erol Wood, Surrey, Lilly. 28. Insulin therapy in last decade, Paediatric perspective – JV Santiago. 1970’s 30% of children previously on beef or pork insulin, reddening, itching, inflammation, lipoatrophy at injection site. Insulin resistance 20-30% noted in puberty. 29. Immunogenicity and allergenic potential of animal and human insulins- G Schernthaner. From 1922 insulins were impure, anti-insulin antibodies identified as IgG and IgE. Human insulin is not totally immunogenic. Irregular administration can lead to higher risk and allergy reaction. Intermittent insulin therapy may be a patient stimulus for immunogenicity. Conclusion Public Involvement 1. 26 years of diabetes research since 1994 and now discovery that 25-30% of Covid-19 deaths in England are patients with diabetes any Covid-19 Public inquiry should address the following background statistical patient information and review immunogenic risk: 2. Is patient Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes? 3. If treated with insulin for how long? What type of insulin and dose? 4. Patient weight and BMI? Height? Diet/ Alcohol intake? 5. Complications of diabetes details, Vascular disease, Hypertension, Neuropathy, Retinopathy, Mental Health state? 6. Link to Diabetes and death from Covid-19 within 28 days of positive Covid-19 test. 7. Update from Indian study presented 12 November 2020 at World Diabetes 2020. Covid-19 deaths linked to Hypertension. Vitamin D deficiency identified along with Zinc and Magnesium. Generally 80% of the Indian population are deficient in Vitamin D. 1. Fresh evidence investigation followed invitation by the author Dr Duncan to Derek Beatty to submit details of personal hypoglycaemia experience of incident with paramedic ambulatory attendance required following hypo episode shortly after hospital discharge at time of recovery from hospitalised treatment to correct Otitis Externa and Osteomyelitis with catheter delivered antibiotics to treat MRI diagnosed infection associated as a complication of long term T1 diabetes condition. On this occasion low blood glucose was clearly caused by catheter delivery of IV antibiotic treatment at the time. A neighbour summonsed an ambulance (sadly deceased); an off-duty nurse witness attended and administered a glucagon injection; the paramedic in attendance along with my wife organised glucose snack to uplift blood glucose level and ensured BG level was stable before paramedic departure. 2. This event led to clinical investigation involving research at University of Edinburgh with colleagues informed to Lothian Health Board, Diabetes UK and others and update web publication ‘A Listening Ear’ by Derek Beatty©. 3. The work of Dr Duncan has assisted in my investigation into ‘Forensic Aspects of Hypoglycaemia’ which I had presented at World Diabetes 2020, Sydney, January 2020, on my behalf and published in the Journal of Diabetes and Metabolism August 2020; along with ‘Diabetes and Covid-19 Pandemic – A T1 Patient Perspective’. 4. ‘Immunogenic Issues in Diabetes and Implications for Covid-19 Research’ October 2020 has been submitted as a Report to the Scottish Government following MSP review to assist in any Public Inquiry into Covid-19 deaths and support for immunogenic vaccine development to prevent and or treat Covid-19 with vaccine preparation. 5. Hypothyroidism - Prof S M Shallet 15/6/2000 NHS Christie Hospital, Manchester; Commissioned Expert Witness Report, Hypopituitarism, Addison’s Disease, causes Genetic, Inheritance Hormone – Deficiencies – treatment in children, GH replacement. 6. Coping with Thyroid Problems – Dr Joan Gomez, 1994 7. The Assessment and Management of Thyroid Dysfunction – John O. Godden; Robert Volpe, Toronto 1975 8. ‘The Legal Aspects of Child Health Care’ Bridgit C Dimond 1996. A child is classified as Gillick-competent when aged over 14. 9. Why did the GP deem my daughter when aged 11 Gillick-competent at the age of 11 – 12 and able to make a decision as to whether to allow her medical records to be disclosed to her father and the Court when her father had her best interests, health and welfare at heart? 10. It is with sadness that after over 26 years I am left with no choice other than to allege that as a registered disabled person by Hertfordshire Adult Care Services on 8 October 2004 I believe alleged criminal conduct against me since 23 February 1994 amounts to wilful neglect causing me to suffer harm and deliberate criminal conduct has been engineered against me for over 26 years. A public immunity argument exists in time of Covid-19 Pandemic to question the believed to be misguided potential mental deficiency in Thyroid Health of the believed alleged offenders suspected of exercising conduct of wilful neglect on 23/2/1994, in Bricket Wood, St Albans; in Trafford circa 22/11/2000; as suggested in Harpenden 23/11/2017; to cause nuisance, ill health, legal confusion by deliberate victim target of an innocent father who at all times wanted like all fathers the best for his only natural child and for 26 years has been prevented from providing such in a normal despite estranged family environment in clear breach of family safety and wellbeing as promoted by the Prime Minister, the first Minister of Scotland, and their scientists advising HM Governments in this Pandemic. 11. It is identified that this criminal investigation now justifies full medical investigation to be ordered by the Court of the mental health and wellbeing of the Complainants and whether such was conducted before claims by the perpetrators were placed with the Administration of Justice Unit, Hatfield, and further questions the previous conduct of others in matters associated with this Mental Health Thyroid issue and to assist with any public inquiry ordered to investigate deaths of Covid-19 patients who were diagnosed and treated for Diabetes and who have sadly died prematurely likely with stated Covid-19 on death certificates. 12. Published clinical research identifies that on the balance of probability any off-spring of my daughter may also genetically inherit thyroid disorder leading to possibly to mental health deficiency in future generations. 13. The seriousness of fresh evidence discovery justifies a public immunity argument that findings be included in any forthcoming Covid-19 Public Inquiry as previously announced by the Prime Minister with independent administration possibly recommended by the Police Watchdog in England or alternative Government proposed Inquiry Team advised by the Scottish Parliament and Westminster Parliament. 14. It is proposed that contribution input to any inquiry would benefit from contributions from the Mental Health Foundation; the Pituitary Foundation; LAPPS; the Independent Diabetes Trust; Diabetes UK; along with Social Care Services Hertfordshire and Trafford Social Services; and the Official Solicitor to the Supreme Court who acted as Guardian ad Litem to my daughter and when informed in the High Court by the Official Solicitor High Court Judges Lady Butler-Schloss and Lord Wall were very disappointed that my daughter had not been referred by her GP to be seen by a consultant Child Psychiatrist to investigate medical reasons for the fear and paranoia exhibited by her towards her father and others along with abnormal hatred and subsequently possible revenge by underhand misguided conduct. 15. Prima facie evidence suggests my ex-wife and the GP to be in breach of such High Court order. 16. It is alleged subsequent to this event in 1994 the GP and others engineered a web of deception, false allegations, narcism and hatred against me and influenced my daughter to believe these beliefs and many false allegations against me of misguided events to cause me harm and emotional and financial loss and deliberately used others to conduct questionable hate crime, harassment and exposure to financial loss. 17. Extreme measures took place to avoid disclosure of medical records of my ex-wife and daughter showing abnormal emotional mental tendencies of ‘fear’ and ‘paranoia’ often exhibited as behaviour signs in patients diagnosed with Hypopituitarism, Addison’s Disease, endocrine disorder, which can be genetically inherited in families thus creating a spread in future generations similar to scientific statistically presented for Covid-19 pandemic. 18. Those responsible and believed to be alive are: 19. In 1994 also involved was the Vicar (known to have moved to Cambridgeshire and now possibly Nottingham) in the use of the Church of England premises at the Parish Church, Bricket Wood, where in the presence of my ex-wife it is alleged my daughter was influenced never to see her father ever again to assist in the alleged cover up by alleged conspiracy to pervert justice professional medical and professional negligence of Dr Anderson when in public office and along with others influenced the Vicar to ask me NOT to attend Sunday morning Church Services at the Parish Church at a time when I was initially very seriously ill having been prescribed a 20% overdose of the wrong insulin for 7 years by the GP and her colleagues and recovering from PTSD injury with recurrent flashbacks in certain circumstances and detrimental to my diabetes care and welfare. Recent flashbacks were 2,3,4 January 2020 in receipt of phone call from Diabetes UK, and 21 November 2020 on receipt of communication from Hertfordshire Chief Constable and at a time when I had put aside previous events including those in 2020 involving my ex-wife and daughter and was pursuing voluntary work to help others and in relationship of Immunogenic effects associated with Covid-19 and Diabetes submitted to the University of Edinburgh with interest and peer reviewed by Longdom Publishing for publication 20. 23.2.1994 My ex-wife claimed to be a State Registered Nurse, to whom I was married for 14 years, should have known better, or was she in a temporary mental imbalanced state of hypoglycemia associated with Hypopituitarism, Addison’s Disease at the time, exhibited wilful neglect to me in her failure to summons an ambulance and to inform witnesses present that an ambulance was required. Why was an ambulance not called? 21. My daughter aged 11 at the time knew I treated myself with insulin for diabetes. She could have called an ambulance but did not. Why not? 22. My Criminal Investigation since 1994 into detection of alleged crime has involved detection of ‘Forensic Aspects of Hypoglycaemia’ associated with unexplained death and death in bed of diabetes patients treated with insulin, murder associated with temporary mental impairment of the offender when in a state diabetic hypoglycemia and neuroglycopenia caused often by insulin overdose or imbalance of carbohydrate diet, excess exercise, excess alcohol, or other mitigating factors associated with hypoglycaemia unawareness often miss diagnosed by lack of knowledge and low standards of education of the innocent diabetic patient by certain clinicians and GP’s in the medical profession, and open to more detailed investigation. 23. My Criminal Investigation started on 19 May 1994 on disclosure to me of ‘Report from Low Task Force for 1992’ containing ‘Draft Report to BDA Low Task Force on Letters about the Change Over to Human Insulin’ Dr. T R Posner Medical Socialist, December 1992; Research Grants to Dr Stephanie Amiel, Guy’s Hospital, London; Dr. Simon Heller, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield; with Focus on Hypoglycaemia, Human Insulin, Analysis of Patient Letters Received by the BDA carried out by Dr. Natasha Posner (estimated 3,000 letters from patients, careers, friends, families Chaired by JD Ward. 24. The BDA owed a duty of care to diabetes patients to publish this report and create public awareness of insulin issues. They did not publish and announced on BBC2 News night TV on 28 June 1994 the reason was the report was ‘Too Alarmist’. 25. It is alleged this conduct by the BDA was Willful Neglect and placed patients with diabetes, their carers and friends and others in danger of patients with hypoglycaemia and neuroglycopenia which if uncorrected could lead to seizure, violence and death. While the BDA did publish extracts and edited versions of the report in Balance Magazine the full impact seemed watered down and furthermore many members of the medical profession did not listen to patients and it is suspected were negligent at the time in failing to keep up to date with media reports and reports about insulin change and human insulin in the BMJ, Lancet, Practical Diabetes and other journals. 26. 3 May 1994 – Attendance at BDA Diabetes Meeting, St Albans – Disclosure of Diabetes Care ADA ‘Human Insulin - A Decade of Experience and Future Developments’ including Immunogenicity and Allergenic Potential of Animal and Human Insulin’s - Guntram Schernthaner 27. 10 May 1994, 10.00am Meeting with Vicar, Parish Church, Bricket Wood, requested by him at his home. Sorrow shown for event of 23-24 February 1994, formal request by Vicar that I Do Not Attend Sunday Morning Church Service at Parish Church. At the time I was not a regular church visitor but respected the Christian faith and attended occasionally. The reason was given he did not want me to have contact or meet my daughter at the church where she attended Sunday School. The Church housed the GP Surgery and the NHS paid rent to the church for its use. Evidence suggests my ex-wife took my daughter aged 11 on 25 February 1994 to the GP at the Church Hall where she saw GP and where my daughter’s description of neuroglycopenia was recorded in her medical notes. It is suspected when aged 11 my daughter was emotionally abused by GP to cover up her professional negligence on 8 February 1994, 10.40am consultation when she failed to diagnose diabetic hypoglycaemia unawareness in the presence of my ex-wife and stated she could do nothing and the best thing would be for my ex-wife and I to divorce one another, a statement she subsequently lied to her NHS employer having made. Around this time I was removed from the GP patient list of the GP Practice and for several days left without a GP and at the same time period I demanded at Watford General Hospital to have my insulin switched back to porcine insulin when a few weeks later my warning signs of hypoglycaemia unawareness returned as observed by friends, family in Edinburgh, and others including clinicians. 28. In May 1994 I met with local PC responsible for Bricket Wood and surrounds. He had previously worked in the Metropolitan Police Drugs Squad. I informed him about my hypoglycaemia neuroglycopenia experience and subsequent findings which he found distressing and was passionate and understanding. He advised me based on his Drugs Squad experience to investigate the formulary of Human Insulin and obtain details of the history of Human Insulin genetic engineering with one molecule different on the alanine chain between Human and Porcine Insulin and in particular formulation at the time of approval by the MCA Medicines Control Agency and the FDA at time of first injections 15 July 1980, Lilly, Surrey, England, then approval 26 August 1982, UK; 13 October 1982, Germany; 28 October 1982, FDA approval in USA. 29. This forensic investigation is relevant to immunogenic issues associated with insulin and diabetes was first presented Edinburgh ‘Is Human Insulin Better than Animal Insulin in the Treatment of Insulin Dependent Diabetes’ G Schernthaner 1988. 30. Diabetes Care – Human Insulin – A Decade of Experience and Future Developments December 1993 had been sent to me by Eli Lilly. I took this to Edinburgh Easter 1994 and studied the content in detail. I concluded without doubt I had been prescribed a 20% overdose of the wrong insulin for 9 years which almost had cost me my life. I demanded insulin switch back to porcine insulin at Watford General Hospital at a consultation with Dr MC, Diabetologist; the hospital complaints manager, several diabetes nurses 25 May 1994 from diary entry. All were amazed at my disclosure. My health improved significantly in the next few weeks and warning signs of impending hypoglycaemia returned. I was then invited to appear on BBC2 Newsnight and comment on my experience. Friends and family noted I was back to being my own self again. Even the receptionist at the solicitor commented and contacted me separately as her husband had diabetes and was experiencing similar problems with personality change. 31. The trauma of the event caused me to suffer PTSD injury and I do sometimes still have flashbacks. I am indebted to Dr MK, J H, MBE, Dr L G, all of whom I have no doubt saved my life. In my prayers as a Christian I received a message from my God, there is a problem with Insulin treatment for patients with Diabetes. Go and fix it. My life since this event in 1994 has been dedicated to helping others when required to live improved and better life quality when managing diabetes. 32. My ‘Investigation Diabetes and Covid-19 Immunogenic Issues’ conducted during lockdown pandemic has been placed through my MSP with the Scottish Government for consideration and detailed response, awaited. NHS England have acknowledged receipt with observations to address to Public Health England and has been passed to NHS Regional GP contract and performance teams to address. The work is relevant to immunogenic issues associated with insulin and diabetes first presented Edinburgh ‘Is Human Insulin Better than Animal Insulin in the Treatment of Insulin Dependent Diabetes’ G Schernthaner 1988. 33. Associations of type 1 and type 2 diabetes with COVID-19 related mortality in England: a whole-population study, BMJ October 2020 identifies statistically that 25-30% patient Covid-19 deaths in England are patients with diabetes. Why is this. An insulin immunogenic link seems likely. 34. Channel 5 documentary on NHS workers, clinicians and nurses, deaths from Covid-19. Dr Subhasrea Ray, India, statistical analysis. Many deaths from Covid-19 due to hypertension. On Indian sub-continent 80& of population have Vitamin D deficiency along with Zinc and Magnesium. 35. Is this related to Covid-19 deaths of NHS staff. The NHS employs many ethnic minority staff. I believe this needs further statistical analysis and in Scotland? 36. My investigation remains ongoing at this time and will address the legal issue of wilful neglect in public office in situations of hypoglycaemia, neuroglycopenia, asthma attack, and in family home, schools, colleges for public benefit and human welfare. 37. Criminal Investigation: 26 years ‘T1D Winning in Insulin Chicanes’ by Derek C Beatty – in progress 38. There is a legal focus. In the event of a diabetic hypoglycaemia or neuroglycopenia requiring immediate paramedic 999 A1 Emergency Ambulance attendance and transfer to hospital, or an asthma attack of a child or adult, prima facia evidence suggests it is ‘Wilful Neglect’ if a witness, parent, teacher, friend, husband, wife, public servant eg Police, Fireman, deliberately do not make a 999 call for an ambulance. 39. On 23/2/1994 when I found myself in a state of temporary mental impairment with neuroglycopenia caused by 7-9 years prescribed insulin overdose of the wrong insulin by NHS contracted clinicians and GP’s and witnessed by a family member adult, an 11-year-old child, a neighbour witness, two police constables, informed to an on-call GP who refused to attend the diabetic emergency. Were the adult family member and 11-year-old child guilty of willful neglect who knew the patient was treated with insulin for diabetes? 40. Was my daughter psychologically abused at home when in the care of her mother out with my presence and was this alleged abuse extended to involve the GP and others, I wonder? Prima facie evidence suggests they were. 41. Subsequently the GP suggested an 11-year-old child was old enough to give consent as to whether the child medical notes of the event taken by the GP should not be allowed to be disclosed to the court to cover up alleged medical and professional negligence in public office. I believe this to have been emotional child abuse of my daughter and that she was not Gillick-competent at the time. I believe the GP should be ordered to answer this allegation. 42. On Police England and Police Scotland advice requests have been made to the GMC to investigate and especially recently in 2017 and 2020. The GMC have declined to investigate new evidence, and this raises serious questions about their role to protect the public of medical wrongdoing when it happens. 43. The immunogenic link between diabetes and insulin originally clinically investigated in 1988 and presented in Edinburgh, G Schernthaner, suggests a link leaving patients treated with insulin more prone to genetic and viral infection and likely the reason why 25-30% of Covid-19 deaths in England are patients with diabetes. 44. On advice by Police Scotland this criminal investigation commenced in 1994 remains ongoing with preliminary report submitted at this stage to the Scottish Government. Further ongoing research is needed. 45. I personally have lost around £274,000+ caused by the negligence at this diabetes hypoglycaemia and neuroglycopenia event in 1994 with fresh evidence ‘Forensic Aspects of Hypoglycaemia’ Marks 2019 confirming the above. For 26 years certain misconceived persons in society in England with whom I have had contact have completely misunderstood issues involving diabetes treatment, care and management, and their conduct has caused me personally loss of around £274,000+ following my near-death recovery in 1994. Sadly, many are less lucky and have died, many unnecessarily. 46. On receipt of a communication sent to me on 19/11/2020 with immediate effect and without notice I am placing this 26 year Criminal Investigation I have conducted voluntarily to clear my name of a salvo of false allegations made against me over 26 years with the Independent Police Complaints Commission, England, and Hertfordshire Police Complaints Commission, and in due course Police Scotland, and probably my MSP to raise with the Scottish Parliament and my MP to raise in the House of Commons, Westminster, with the observation previously suggested to me and with which I agree by a barrister and previously the diabetes link by a High Court Judge in Scotland that this investigation justifies placement with any Covid-19 Public Inquiry and while respecting and having high esteem and regard for the difficult task the Police have to perform in the UK in these Pandemic uncertain times as an organisation I am unsure as to whether they are a suitable organisation to investigate complex medical unexplained death issues and complex mental health issues involving not only Diabetes, relevant to the fact that 25-30% of patient deaths of Covid-19 patients who it is discovered have diabetes, ‘ Associations of type 1 and type 2 diabetes with COVID-19-related mortality in England: a whole -population study’ in England: a whole-population study’ but also other common health disorders where temporary mental impairment can cause behaviour change and sometimes death. 47. In 2020 the UK Prime Minister asks the public to stay safe, comply with distancing to avoid infection spread, eat sensibly, exercise, support family units. My previous personal family unit was destroyed 26 years ago with the cover up of my near death caused by medical and other alleged negligence by other persons, some in public office. I have to live with this bereavement every day of my life. There can be little doubt my investigation and support for others who have approached me in the last 26 years concerning this investigation may not be acknowledged today but in years to come I know will help others to understand living with diabetes issues and I am delighted to have been invited to assist in webcam discussion by Diabetes Scotland to assist others in Mental Health care work an understanding associated with diabetes often caused by blood glucose imbalance with fluctuation between hypo/hyper and normoglycaemia, along with unnecessary stress. My work has also been presented by webcam to World Diabetes 2020.
Biography
Anna Cybulska has completed his Ph.D. at the age of 25 years from Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin. She is a young scientist who works in Department of Nursing in PMU in Szczecin. She has published papers in reputed journals.
Abstract
This study aimed at determining the quality of life on a group of 71 hemodialysis patients in DaVita Clinic Dialysis Station in Piła. The research instruments were: the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey, the Adherence to Refills and Medications Scale and the author’s questionnaire. Our findings showed that the main total score of adherence to treatment is 17.8 ±4.1. Data analysis regarding the quality of life among hemodialysis patients indicated that respondents had the best quality of life in domains such as: sense of mental health, bodily pain and mental component summary. On the other hand, the results were the worst in case of physical functioning, general health perception and physical role functioning. Additionally, it has been noted that the patients function better in terms of mental than physical component summary. Based on the survey results it has been concluded that age correlates in a statistically significant way with the quality of life across all the domains (p< 0.05) except for bodily pain and general health perception. It means that the higher the age the lower the quality of life in terms of pain and general perception of health. The analysis showed a statistically relevant correlation (p<0.05) between place of residence and physical role functioning, general health perception, vitality emotional role functioning, physical component summary and mental component summary. This means that the quality of life is better among residents of cities in comparison with rural population. Other domains did not demonstrate statistically relevant differences.
Biography
I am a pharmacist by education, has over 15 years’ experience in the clinical research studies, including investigator initiated and industry sponsored studies. Certified as Clinical Research Professional (CCRP) in 2009 from SOCRA-USA, and as Certified Clinical Research Pharmacist in 2019 from CACRS- Canada, She was the Supervisor of the Oncology Research Unit at National Guard Health Affairs Hospital- Riyadh for 11 years and was one of the GCP instructors at King Abdullah International Medical Research Center for 6 years. Have a couple of published manuscripts and abstracts in intentional and regional meetings. She has an extensive experience of all aspects of clinical research, including both project and people management and ICH/GCP training.
Abstract
The fraction of patients participating in clinical research studies has been relatively low and declined further in recent years, and many barriers are facing healthcare providers in conducting such studies. Our aim in this study is to identify common barriers facing our healthcare providers to conduct clinical trials in those patients in the MENA region. Methods: A qualitative study was carried out between July 2014 and April 2015 where the semistructuredsurveywas conducted usingSurveyMonkey softwaretoall healthcare providers who work in seven different domain areas (physicians, pharmacists, nurses, clinical research associates, clinical research coordinators, auditors, and IRB members and data entry clerks). Results: Of 329 responders from 7 specialties, the majority [183 (55.62%)] were males and 193 (58.66%) from Saudi Arabia. Physicians and pharmacists represent the majority [155 (47.11%) and 76 (23.10%)] of the total group, respectively, and the least were nurses and auditors [5 (1.52%) in each]. The highest rate barrier reported by physicians and pharmacists was inadequate training in clinical research implementation [76 (23.1%)], while clinical research coordinator reported the same barrier in 18 (5.5%). Clinical research associates reported a lack of incentive and credit for research work in 17 (5.2%). Reviewers reported a lack of leadership support and lack of ï¬nancial grant support [5 (1.5%)] for both. The top reported strength points were having an opportunity for professional development [96 (29.2)] and being in an academic institution [97 (29.5)]. Of the total participants, 200 (60.79) of the participants suggested the need for more training on research methodology. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the barriers that face healthcare providers in the MENA region. Because of the inadequate training in clinical research implementation and the lack of designed system operating procedures for the research process, we should address to facilitate clinical research in the region. Keywords: clinical research in Arabic countries, barriers to participating, attitude, conducting research studies
Biography
Nagham Ramzi Sheblak is an Certified as Clinical Research Pharmacist-CCRPh Mar.2019, Canadian Association of Clinical Research Specialist-Canada has the work experience Prince Nourah bint Abdulrahman University & also Monitors the developments of research studies by ensuring proper initiation and follow-ups process with the Principal Investigators in the year 2011-2018 National Guard Health Affairs - Oncology Department, In 2006 [EXECUTIVE MANAGER - FEMALE SECTION] Providing high quality and applicable health related consultations via effective persons who have access to the resources supported by all the experts of the health field all over the Kingdom. Help in designing database, office brochure and announcements.
Abstract
Background: The fraction of patients participating in clinical research studies has been relatively low and declined further in recent years, and many barriers are facing healthcare providers in conducting such studies. Our aim in this study is to identify common barriers facing our healthcare providers to conduct clinical trials in those patients in the MENA region. Methods: A qualitative study was carried out between July 2014 and April 2015 where the semistructuredsurveywas conducted usingSurveyMonkey softwaretoall healthcare providers who work in seven different domain areas (physicians, pharmacists, nurses, clinical research associates, clinical research coordinators, auditors, and IRB members and data entry clerks). Results: Of 329 responders from 7 specialties, the majority [183 (55.62%)] were males and 193 (58.66%) from Saudi Arabia. Physicians and pharmacists represent the majority [155 (47.11%) and 76 (23.10%)] of the total group, respectively, and the least were nurses and auditors [5 (1.52%) in each]. The highest rate barrier reported by physicians and pharmacists was inadequate training in clinical research implementation [76 (23.1%)], while clinical research coordinator reported the same barrier in 18 (5.5%). Clinical research associates reported a lack of incentive and credit for research work in 17 (5.2%). Reviewers reported a lack of leadership support and lack of ï¬nancial grant support [5 (1.5%)] for both. The top reported strength points were having an opportunity for professional development [96 (29.2)] and being in an academic institution [97 (29.5)]. Of the total participants, 200 (60.79) of the participants suggested the need for more training on research methodology. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the barriers that face healthcare providers in the MENA region. Because of the inadequate training in clinical research implementation and the lack of designed system operating procedures for the research process, we should address to facilitate clinical research in the region. Keywords: clinical research in Arabic countries, barriers to participating, attitude, conducting research studies
Biography
Basha is currently a 4th year PhD student at Aklilu Lemma Institute of pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia. He is a young researcher and has 2 publications.
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global public health issue and WHO has also set the ambitious target of a 90% reduction in the incidence of new TB cases by 2035. However, LTBI is a major obstacle to eliminate TB because of different risk factors. Hence, in order to reduce the number of new TB cases, WHO adapted from End TB strategy that states screening and treating of LTBI; particularly, in prison environment. This is because that globally, prisons represent a major institutional amplifier for TB. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and associated risk factors of LTBI in East Wollega Zonal prison, Nekemte town, Western Oromia, Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study design and systematic sampling technique was used to select a sample of 352 from a total of 2620 prisoners aged ≥18 years during one month (May–June, 2019) in East Wolllega prison, Western Oromia, Ethiopia. The selected inmates were interviewed using a structured pre-tested questionnaire; blood samples were collected from the study participants and screened for LTBI using interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA). The Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 and logistic regression was used to model the likelihood of LTBI occurrence and to identify risk factors associated with LTBI. Results: Overall prevalence of LTBI among prisoners was 51.17 % (95% CI: 46.45-57%) and with high prevalence in men, rather than women (53.0% vs. 43.5%, respectively), although no significant difference was highlighted. Using multiple logistic regressions, a prisoner’s age (age ≥45 years; AOR=2.48[1.04-5.9]), khat chewers (AOR=2.27[1.27-4.19]), staying >12 month in current incarceration (AOR=1.81[1.04-3.18]) and overcrowding (>100 individuals per cell; AOR=1.91[1.002-3.65]) were found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05) predictors of LTBI. Conclusions: The high prevalence of LTBI among the prisoners requires immediate steps be taken to identify and treat LTBI and counsel those found to be positive in this setting. Routine screening of prisoners for both TB and LTBI up on entry was highly recommended intervention to halt TB transmission in prisons. Similarly, reduction of overcrowding per cells, educating not to chew khat in overcrowded, unhygienic and unventilated area and intensive monitoring of those stayed longer in prison may help reduce the TB transmission in this setting and in the community at large.
Biography
My name is Kebena Gebeyehu Motora. I have studied Bachelor of Science in Chemistry at Jigjiga University from 2008–2011 and graduated on 2nd July, 2011. I have studied my Masters in Jimma University from Sep 2011 to Nov 2013 and graduated by masters of Science in Analytical Chemistry. After graduation I was employed at Mettu University and I have been working there as a lecturer and researcher until September 2017. Starting from September 2017, I am studying my Ph. D at National Taiwan University of Science and Technology and I will graduate this year.
Abstract
Full-spectrum light-driven Ag3VO4/WO2.72 nanocomposites were prepared using a simple precipitation method. The nanocomposites were characterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The photocatalytic performance of the nanocomposites for the photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) and Rhodamine B (Rh B) were examined. The Ag3VO4/WO2.72 nanocomposites exhibited outstanding photocatalytic performance for the photodegradation of Rh B and MB, and they were stable under irradiation with UV, visible, near-infrared (NIR), and solar light. A nanocomposite prepared with Ag3VO4 and WO2.72 in a 1:2 molar ratio (AgV-WO-2) exhibited particularly high photodegradation efficiency. AgV-WO-2 photodegraded 99% of the Rh B and 98% of the MB in aqueous solutions under solar and visible light. Under UV light, 96% of the Rh B and 89% of the MB were degraded, while 40% of the Rh B and 38% of the MB in solutions irradiated with NIR light were removed. The photocatalytic performance of the nanocomposites for the photoreduction of chromium (VI) was also studied. AgV-WO-2 exhibited a photoreduction efficiency of 90% under solar light irradiation. The activities of the AgV-WO-2 nanocomposite for the photodegradation of Rh B and the photoreduction of Cr (VI) were compared to those reported for other catalysts. The photocatalytic activity of the Ag3VO4/WO2.72 nanocomposite was better. It is thus a promising photocatalyst for the removal of Rh B, MB, and chromium (VI).
Biography
Abstract
ABSTRACT Background : Tuberculosis (TB) is still major worldwide concern especially at tropical country. Tuberculosis also can infect any place in the body. It is estimated that between 10-25% of TB infections occur extra pulmonary. Abdominal Tuberculosis occurs about 10 % of extra pulmonary tuberculosis. Abdominal Tuberculosis can be easily confused with malignancy. Pseudo Meigs syndrome is co existence of pelvic tumour, hydrothorax, and ascites. It is resembles with metastatic ovarian cancer. Abdominal tuberculosis may resemble with advanced ovarian cancer. Case Report: A married woman, 21 years old, with chief complaint enlargement stomach since 2 weeks before come to the hospital. Patient also had poor intake, low-grade fever, pelvic pain. Cough , weight loss, defecation disturbance, urinated disturbance, enlargement another area were denied. Family history, her father was diagnosed tuberculosis on treatment. Ascites was presented. Thorax X ray found right effusion plural . Complete blood count, albumin, electrolyte serum, renal function test, liver function test were at normal limit. Hepatitis Viral marker were negative. Peritoneal Fluid Analysis found elevated LDH (905 U/L), elevated PMN count 1050/ uL, MN count 3829/ uL, Glucose 68 mg/dL, Protein 7.2 g/dL, SAAG 0.8 mg/dl. ADA test from effusion pleural 4,44 U/L ( within normal limit). A significantly elevated CA-125 level ( 542.5 U/mL). Contrast MSCT abdominal found cyctic lesion with septal and multiple peritumoral lymph node suspected malignant ovarian mass. Laparotomy was done and found serous ascites, multiple nodules attached to the surface of bilateral uterus ½ centimeters and attached to bilateral ovary, and dense adhesions between uterus and rectum. Multiple biopsies were done. Finally, histopathology investigation revealed multinucleated giant cell ( Datia Langhans) with necrotizing granulomatous changes with no malignant cells in all biopsies. Acid fast stain tuberculosis was positive at paraffin block pathology. The patient got anti tuberculosis drugs. After 2 months treatment, patient feel better and there was no complaint enlargement stomach. Until now the patient is on treatment. Discussion The patient presented ascites, pleural effusion, cystic ovarian suggestive of Pseudo-Meigs syndrome. Pseudo Meigs Syndrome is clinically important because resembling of metastatic pelvic cancer. CA-125 is elevated 80% of post menopausal ovarian cancer but not specific and non diagnostic in premenopausal women. SAAG < 1.1 mg / dl indicates non Portal hypertension, caused by infection, malignancy, nephrotic syndrome, or pancreatitis. Finding Datia Langhans at histopathology could be considered as tuberculosis but it can be revealed from another disease. Acid fast stain positive increase the probability of tuberculosis infection. Family history of tuberculosis infection could increase diagnostics value of tuberculosis. Antituberculosis according to the latest protocol led to clinical improvement. Conclusion: Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) should be being considered in the differential diagnosis of advanced ovarian cancer, especially in the regions that are endemic for the disease. Keywords : ovarian tuberculosis , peritoneal tuberculosis, tuberculosis.
Biography
Tamar Shamatava has completed her PhD at St. Andrew the First Called Georgian University of the Patriarchate of Georgia from 2010-2015. She is the Senior Scientist at Georgian Technical University Biotechnology Center. She has published more than 17 papers in reputed journals. She has a great experience in agriculture and biotechnology field
Abstract
Bioreactor-special device is used for biogas production from various organic materials under anaerobic conditions. In this research, a batch bioreactor with a mechanical mixer was used for biogas production from sewage sludge and chicken manure bioloadings. The process of anaerobic digestion was mesophilic (35oC). Produced biogas was stored in a gasholder and the concentration of its components was measured with INCA 4000 biogas analyser. Also, a specific additive (pine wood biochar) was applied to prepare bioloadings. The application of wood biochar in bioloading increases the CH4 concentration in the produced gas by 6-7%. The highest concentrations of CH4 were found in biogas produced during the decomposition of sewage sludge bioloadings. The maximum CH4 reached 77.4%. Studies have shown that the application of biochar in bioloadings also reduces average CO2 and H2S concentrations in biogas
Biography
Yue-Ling Zhang is a PI in Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Shantou University. He received his PhD from Xiamen University, China and studied at Uppsala University, Sweden as a visiting scholar. He was a Professor and Group Leader of Department of Biology, Shantou University, China from 11/2011 to 03/2013, 05/2014 to 11/2016, and then moved to Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, China as a Professor and Group Leader since 11/2016. He is the Director of Guangdong Province Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, a Standing Director of Guangdong Province Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, a Director of Guangdong Province Society for Zoology, and a Director of Guangdong Province Society for Aquaculture. His main research is focusing on shrimp immunology, especially the immune mechanisms of crustacean hemocyanin. So far, he has been the recipient of about 20 foundations as Principal Investigator. In peer-reviewed publications, his group has published 46 research papers in J Proteome Res, Fish Shellfish Immunol, FEBS Lett, Dev Comp Immunol, Immunol Lett, PloS ONE , Mol Immunol, J Shellfish Res and so on.
Abstract
Hemocyanin (HMC) is a multifunctional protein which plays many essential roles in invertebrate organisms. Recently more and more immune-related functions have been discovered on this protein. Here, the shrimp was infected with Vibrio parahaemolyticus and the shrimp sera were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Totally 15 spots were identified as significantly up-regulated spots and further analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. Four of them were identified as HMC derived truncations (HMCS1, HMCS3, HMCS4 and HMCS5). The HMCS4 primary sequence was further determined via Edman N terminal sequencing, MALDI-TOF MS and amino acid sequence alignment. The result indicated that the HMCS4 was a 165aa fragment from shrimp HMC small subunit C-terminal. The HMCS4 immunological activities were further analyzed by agglutination experiment and anti-bacterial assay in vitro. The results showed that the recombinant HMCS4 had strong agglutination and antibacterial activities against pathogenic bacteria at the optimum bacteriostasis concentration. In addition, the HMCS4 immunological activities were explored via mortality assay in vivo. The shrimp was challenged with V. parahaemolyticus and HMCS4 V. parahaemolyticus mixture separately. The shrimp mortality rate significantly decreased at 96 h post-infection with HMCS4 injection. Our data showed that shrimp HMC truncation generation upon infection was an effective immune response against invaded pathogens. Moreover, these findings may have some potential applications in shrimp industry.
Biography
Abstract
Biography
Arash Heidari is a fourth year Medical Student of Medical School of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract
Nosocomial infections are a serious problem in health care centers and dramatically increase the morbidity and mortality of patients and pose costs on patients and health care. One of the most common causes of these infections is medical and therapeutically interventions, therefore, the role of doctors and medical students in the prevention of nosocomial infections is of particular importance. This study was carried out to assess medical students’ knowledge and practice of nosocomial infection in hospitals affiliated to Tehran Medical Science Universities (Tehran, Iran and Shahid Beheshti Medical Science Universities). In this descriptive study, 150 medical students (externship period) were selected randomly from three universities. Data were collected by self-reported questionnaire including questions on awareness of nosocomial infection and prevention, demographic characteristics and practice. Data was analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive and analytical statistical methods and Pearson correlation. Results showed that the mean scores of knowledge and practice were 58.22±13.66 (moderate) and 48.41±5.62 (poor) respectively. Results showed that there was no statistically significant relationship between medical students’ knowledge and their practice (p=0.10).There was a significant relationship between knowledge and academic year (P=0.01) and practice and clinical unit (P=0.04). There was no significant difference between knowledge level with age, sex, marital status, history of needle steak, history of hospitalization and relative’s hospitalization (p>0.05). The results showed that although the level of knowledge of medical students regarding to prevention of nosocomial infections is moderate but their practice is poor, therefore the practical training of students should be emphasized more than before.
Biography
Caijun Zhang has built up his expertise in analytical chemistry support to pharmaceutical industrial for more than 20 years. He recently brings his knowledge to Terramera Inc, an agriculture biotech company and support the product development from prove- concept stage to the commercialization of finished product.
Abstract
Statement of the Problem: Neem oil contains more than 100 biologically active compounds (limonoids). Azadirachtin as a marker for neem oil is well adopted in the biopesticide industry. However, this marker is insufficient to distinguish whether the neem oil is contaminated with other botanical oil because azadirachtin (A and B) represent only the polar and hydrophilic limonoids, very small portion of bioactive ingredients in neem oil. Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: Terramera develop a finger-print HPLC method which can detect most bioactive ingredients in neem oil. According to the HPLC profile (figure 1), a new marker system was developed in Terramera. This new marker system includes a wider spectrum of active ingredients and can protect from the adulterated neem oil because any foreign peaks can be easily detected under other limonoids region Conclusion & Significance: The new marker system for neem oil provides a much better representation of the quality of neem oil than measuring azadirachtin alone.
Biography
Alina Vasilescu is an analytical chemist with expertise in the development and validation of novel analytical methods. Her experience encompasses both academic research and analytical research in the pharmaceutical industry. She currently works as a Senior Researcher at the International Centre of Biodynamics in Bucharest, where she coordinates several research projects, focussing on the development of (bio)sensors for practical applications. Study of protein aggregation is a primary research area and she collaborates with other groups for including nanomaterials in the development of novel sensors.
Abstract
Statement of the Problem: Protein instability due to misfolding and aggregation is of big concern for protein-based therapeutics because it impacts the bioavailability and immunogenicity of such drugs. Simple and cost-effective analytical methods, indicating the presence or absence of protein aggregates, are consequently of high importance. Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: Porous reduced graphene oxide (prGO) coated electrodes have been investigated for the early and sensitive identification of protein aggregation. The detection principle lies in following the change in the oxidative current of the proteins. The sensor architectures studied included glassy carbon electrodes with drop cast prGO and disposable, screen printed electrodes modified with prGO using the layer-by-layer deposition technique. The studies focused on the protein lysozyme and the pharmaceutical polypeptide calcitonin having the ability to form aggregates in different conditions of pH and temperature. Parallel experiments were performed by fluorescence with thioflavin T, size exclusion chromatography, and Atomic Force Microscopy Imaging. Findings: Comparing the oxidation peak of lysozyme by differential pulse voltammetry for different electrode architectures allowed validating the higher sensitivity of the prGO-coated interfaces versus bare ones. Moreover, the modified electrodes allowed detecting in a fast and reliable manner the changes in the protein structure occurring at pH 2 and pH 7.4, as per processes leading to the formation of amyloid and amorphous aggregates, respectively (Fig.1). Screen printed electrodes modified with prGO enabled to differentiate between the amyloid-type aggregation of calcitonin (2 mg mL-1) in citrate buffer and no amyloid formation in acetate buffer. These electrodes were also applied to the analysis of a pharmaceutical drug product of low potency, Miacalcic (8.3 µg mL-1 calcitonin), where no aggregation was observed. Conclusion & Significance: Electrochemical sensors coated with prGO coated enable to capture different aggregation behaviors of proteins and peptides and represent a complementary tool for biopharmaceutical
Biography
Carola Esposito Corcione received her Master degree in Chemical Engineering at University Federico II of Naples in October 2000. She received her Ph.D. degree in Materials Science and Technology in May 2004, defending her thesis on “Development and kinetic characterization of new materials for stereolithography processâ€. From January 2005 she is Assistant Professor at University of Salento. She keeps scientific collaborations with several Italian and International research institutions: Author of about 90 papers on international journals (hindex = 21) and 50 presentations at international conferences, most of them are about innovative polymer based materials .
Abstract
The present work is focused on developing innovative active biomolecules from the organic fraction of the solid urban waste (FORSU). The main goal of the experimental activity is the reduction of the bacterial activity of the FORSU, and its conversion in high added-value products, to be used in different fields of civil and industrial engineering.In order to obtain a modification of its chemical structure, thus leading to the generation of active biomolecules, the organic waste, once milled, was exposed to UV radiation. The contemporary exposure to UV radiation and to the ozone generated by the UV was found to cause an alteration of the chemical bonds of the solid waste. Furthermore, the UV and ozone exposure ensured a strong reduction of the bacteria of the organic waste. FTIR measurements were carried out in order to verify the chemical structure of the organic waste, before and after UV exposure. In particular, a strong reduction of the carbon-carbon double and triple bond stretching peaks was found after UV irradiation, together with the appearance of the peak related to the stretching of the epoxy group. The quantitative determination of the epoxy content of the organic waste after UV exposure was calculated by chemical titration, as reported in ASTM D 1652 – 97. Once known the epoxy quantitative, UV-irradiated waste was mixed with different amounts of diamine. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was then used to evaluate the presence of an exothermic peak due to the reaction of the epoxy groups and the amine, and to identify the reaction temperature. Finally, samples for flexural tests were produced by mixing UV-irradiated waste and diamine, and by leaving the compound in oven for the time necessary to complete the reaction.
Biography
Sedigheh pakseresht has completed her Ph.D. at the age of 48 years from Delhi University, India University. She is Associate Professor, Women Health Promotion, Community Health, Obstetric Dept. Member of Reproductive Health Research Center & Social determinants of health research center, Guilan University, and Medical Science, Rasht, Iran. She has published more than 28 papers in Persian journals and 7 papers in ISI about breast cancer and published a book about breast cancer (in English). She is chief editor in holistic nursing and midwifery journal in Guilan, Iran for 19 years.
Abstract
Introduction: Nutrition can be one of the most important and predictors of physical health during pregnancy and has a significant effect on reducing the risk and maternal health problems during this period. Objective: The present study aimed to compare prenatal nutrition in wanted and unwanted pregnancies Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive-comparative study included 300 pregnant women who had referred to the prenatal clinic of referral hospital; 135 wanted and 165 unwanted pregnancies in 2016 in Iran. The necessary data was collected using “personal demographicsâ€, and “Physical healthâ€. Variables such as age, education, occupation, housing status, type of pregnancy, number of pregnancies/delivery, medical problems current pregnancy, contraceptive methods, blood tests (HB, FBS), nutrition (meat and eggs), beans, milk or dairy products, fruit and vegetables, and supplements (iron, folic acid, multivitamin). Data analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: In this study, 300 pregnant women (165 wanted and 135 unwanted pregnancies) aged 16 to 50 years and mean age of 29.8±5.8 years were enrolled. In terms of education, 80.7% of women were graduated higher diploma and 91/7% were housewives. Regarding the regression coefficients and the relative chance of the relationship between the wanted and the unwanted pregnancy with the health status based on the adjusted model, the results indicated that unwanted pregnancy variables were considered as a significant predictor of physical health so that unwanted pregnancy was 5/4 times the person more exposed to medical problems. Among other variables (Hb, FBS) (p <0.001) and inadequate dairy consumption (at least one glass of milk or yogurt per day); 45-60 g of low-fat cheese equivalent Matchbox) (p = 0.005) were other predictors that increase the odds of individual medical problems (5.36, 28.07, 10.095, 25.036) in pregnancy, respectively Conclusion: These results can guide us nutrition in wanted and unwanted pregnancies is very important which should be careful in during prenatal by counseling, education, encouragement and psychological support as well.
Biography
Teodor Angelov is 4th year student in Medical University of Sofia. Since his preclinical years in the University, he took part in many student congress as an active participant. Teodor has got many publications in bulgarian science journals in bulgarian and english. His interests are concentrated in neurology and neuroophthalmology, cognition sciences and degeneration diseases of the brain, morphology of the human. Teodor finds the participation in the Pharmacology congress for a big experience in his science bio and wants to create new contacts with students and professors in the Pharmacology area.
Abstract
Introduction: Dirofilariasis is a parasitic disease of domestic and wild animals, that rarely infects humans. The genus Dirofilaria belongs to the family Onchocercidae and subfamily Dirofilariinae of the order Spirurida. It infects different mammals such as dogs, cats, foxes, etc. The parasite replicates in the animal's body and enters circulation in the form of microfilariae. Mircrofilariae are transmitted to humans through biological vectors such as certain species of mosquitoes. In fact Dirofilaria sp. rarely infects humans. The parasite is found in subcutaneous tissue and mucous membranes, rarely affects visceral organs – heart, lungs, eyes, central nervous system. Ophthalmic infection with D. repens is registered all over the world. Ocular involvement may be periorbital, subconjunctival or intraocular. Materials and Methods: We describe a case of subconjunctival dirofilariasis in 64-year-old female patient, hospitalized in the Clinic of Ophthalmology. The 64-year-old patient presented with redness, irritation, intermittent local pain of the left eye. Her complaints dated from 3 months. Results: Ophthalmic examination revealed a thin white live worm under the chemotic and injected bulbar conjunctiva . The parasite was removed surgically under local anaesthesia. It was long 130 mm and wide 0.61 mm. The worm was identified as Dirofilaria repens in The Center of Parasitology, Sofia, Bulgaria. Discussion: Cases of D. repens have been reported in Mediterranean Basin (Greece, Italy, Spain) and Turkey. The first case was published in 1867 by Angelo Pace in Palermo. Most cases present with pain, redness of the eye and swelling. Symptoms appear when worm enters the subconjunctiva – usually weeks after infection. Diagnosis should include: blood smear elavuation for microfilaria, serology, PCR-teston mosquitos to detect microfilarial DNA. In the literature in the biggest part of the described cases , the parasites length is 40-140 mm. In our case the parasite was 130 mm in length. Laboratory tests showed negative blood eosinophilia. Conculsion: Ocular dirofilariasis, caused by Dirofilaria repens is very rare in Bulgaria. Most of the cases were registered in Asia and Africa, rarely in Central and South Europe. There are about 780 cases reported in the literature to date.
Biography
Centre for Animal Biotechnology, Parkville
Abstract
Human schistosomiasis is one of the neglected tropical parasitic diseases affecting nearly 200 million people worldwide, which is endemic in more than 70 countries with five known species causing the disease. Schistosoma mansoni is one of the common species existing in tropical countries. It is known to modulate the host’s immune system with the help of soluble egg proteins such as omega-1 and kappa-5, but most of these mechanisms have only been unraveled in vitro. Going towards, developing effective tools for the study of how S. mansoni influences T cells, we have developed S. mansoni eggs expressing chicken egg ovalbumin (OVA), using a lentiviral transduction system. Indeed, OVA is a “neutral antigen†and can be used to activate T cell from T cell receptor transgenic mice. The expression was confirmed by real-time RT-PCR of OVA-specific mRNA and western blotting using polyclonal antibodies specific for OVA. T cells from OT-II transgenic mice, mice expressing a T cell receptor specific for the OVA323-339 peptide, recognized the OVA expressed by transduced S. mansoni eggs. Using flow cytometry on CFSE-labelled OT-II splenocytes, we demonstrated that OVA-transduced eggs elicit higher OT-II T cell proliferative responses than untransduced eggs. The OT-II T cells also produced TNF and IFN-γ following exposure to OVA-transduced eggs. In addition, moderate amounts of IL-6 and IL-17A were also detected. In contrast, no IL-10, IL-4, and IL-2 were detected in cultures, whether the cells were stimulated with transduced or untransduced eggs. Thus, the cytokine signatures showed the transfected eggs induced a mixed type of Th1 and Th17 responses, with a small amount of IL-6. This study was further extended to analyze the degree of OVA detection by OT-II T cells in vivo following adoptive transfer and showed a considerable proliferation of T cells by OVA-transduced eggs comparing to untransduced eggs. Hence, the present finding signifies a detail investigation of the mechanism of parasite manipulation in vivo.
Biography
Paula de Mattos Guttmann has completed her masters in 2013 at the Veterinary School of the Fluminense Federal University, Brazil, in the area of Veterinary Clinic and Animal Reproduction. Her main fields of research are respiratory disease in foals.
Abstract
Proliferative enteropathy is caused by Lawsoniaintracellularis, which is an obligate intracellular gram negative bacterium that inhabits enterocyte cytoplasm and leads to thickening of the small intestine. It has been described in wild and domestic species, and can be endemic in pigs. Equine proliferative enteropathy (EPE) affects mainly weanlings and young yearlings, and may cause lethargy, anorexia, fever, colic, diarrhea and peripheral edema, as well as leukocytosis, hiperfibrinogenemia and hypoproteinemia, especially hypoalbuminemia. Ante mortem diagnosis is typically reliant on positive PCR analysis of the feces and/or a positive serology. Antimicrobial therapy is critical for the treatment of EPE in foals. Selected antimicrobials must have good intracellular penetration. Macrolides, alone or in combination with rifampin, chloramphenicol, oxytetracycline or doxycycline have been successfully used for treatment. An eight-month-old foal in Brazil presented with a fever, colic, diarrhea, hypoproteinemia (especially hypoalbuminemia) leukocytosis and hiperfibrinogenemia; and became lethargic and anorexic with a poor body score. A diagnosis of Lawsoniaintracellularis proliferative enteropathy was confirmed by fecal PCR and serologic testing, and the foal was successfully treated with oxitetracycline followed by azithromycin.
Biography
Sunmi Yang has graduated in 2008 from Chonnam National University. She completed her master's degree in 2013 and is currently in doctorate program at the school of dentistry in Chonnam National University, South Korea. She is eagerly engaged in the field of pediatric dentistry.
Abstract
School nurses can play an important role in improving the prognosis of traumatized teeth of school children after they are informed about the immediate and proper dental first aid steps to be taken at the time of an accident. The purpose of this study were: (i) to assess the awareness of school nurses concerning the management of traumatized teeth and (ii) to determine if a short lecture about dental trauma management could improve school nurses' knowledge on this topic. School nurses in Gwangju and Jeon-nam province replied twice before and after the lecture using a questionnaire about first-aid knowledge with particular focus on the following three categories. Part I was composed of questions asking general information and whether they received education about dental trauma or not. Part II include questions about dental emergency education and prevention. Part III was composed of questions asking knowledge and proper attitude in case of the specific dental trauma situation. According to previous studies, school nurses' knowledgement tend to be higher compare with the teachers. Improvement of school nurse knowledge was observed after the lecture in most of answers. In conclusion, it is recommended that continuous and regular education is needed for improvement of school nurses' knowledge about proper management of dental trauma emergency.
Biography
Chiranjibi Bhattarai is working as an energy engineer since 2006 at District Development Committee on behalf of Alternative Energy Promotion Center, Nepal. Currently he is working in DDC Gulmi, Nepal. He has completed his Bachelor of Engineering from Pokhara University in 2005 and holds M.A in Sociology from T.U. Nepal. He has over 8 years of experience in renewal energy sector working in the rural community.
Abstract
Nepal one of the developing countries, having lowest per capita income in the world, has only 15% of rural people access to electricity. Rural people satisfy their energy needs by burning biomass, damaging both environment and human health. Connecting to national power grid is quite expensive, which seems to beyond the current government capacity. Rural electrification through Micro hydro has proved to be a very successful form. Community participation MH seems to be greater intervention in energy sector in rural Nepal in order to satisfy energy needs. The Alternative energy promotion center (AEPC) and District development committee has used a holistic approach to launch an alternative energy initiative in rural Nepal."Wami-taxar" is one of the Village developments Committee in Gulmi district where people will have to wait a several years for access to electricity through national grid. So, micro hydro has become a credible option for alternative source to electrify this area. More than 3000 HH has been electrified through 200 KW power, generated from 3 Micro hydro Plants. The promotion of Micro hydro in this VDC is not only used for rural electrification but also used for improving the quality of life. Micro hydro (MH) system has energized sustainable development by creating jobs, protecting the environment and change in gendered division of labor and socio-economic status. Both male and female they work together in milling, schools, nursing homes etc. People as well as students of this area have access to modern communication era and telemedicine. Similarly MH canal is used for Irrigation Purpose. With the global pressure to reduce GHG emissions, MH in this area is gaining Popularity. The MH of this area have significant potentiality of carbon mitigation, which potentially reduce GHG emission through replacement of Kerosene or and diesel. Finally, MH electricity is much welcomed by local people of this area. Establishing the Co-operative of MH user, it has changed their economic as well as social status.MH plants of this area has helped the people to be Socialized, active participation in decision making and gender equity. So MH power system is an "alternate Solution for the growing energy demand in this area"
Biography
Abstract
Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM), a state of chronic hyperglycemia, is a major cause of serious threats to modern global health. Diabet mellitus influence on male fertility. Semen parameters and levels of prolactin and testosterone were significantly changed in the diabetic state and also,the concentrations of insulin in seminal plasma low in patient men with diabet.Poor semen quality including decreased sperm motility and concentration, abnormal morphology and increased seminal plasma abnormalities and have decreased serum testosterone due to impaired Leydig cell function has also been reported in diabetic men.this review discuss about effect of diabet mellitus on mitochondrial dna(mt DNA) damage in sperm of patient with diabet mellitus Material and Methods: This Article Presents Result of a systematic review about impact of diabet mellitus on mitochondrial dna(mt DNA) damage in sperm of diabetic men . Results: many studies demonstrated that diabet mellitus causing adverse metabolic , proteomic and genetic and transcriptional changes . oxidative stress and DNA damage in various tissues may also be involved in male infertility. DM has also been associated with increased numbers of sperm with fragmented DNA. Developing studies indicateted that oxidative stress is increased in diabetes because overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased efficiency of antioxidant defences. Mitochondrial DNA mutations have also been reported in diabetic patient, suggesting oxidative stress-related mitochondrial damage. Conclusion: mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are considered major causes for the poor quality semen.therefore, this study may be provide new approaches to protect mitochondrial DNA damage of sperm .
Biography
She has completed her Ph.D at the age of 35 years from Bansthali University, Rajasthan, India in 2015. She has published more than 12 papers in reputed national and international journals. Besides, She also worked as Technical assistant in ISEB, NBRI, Lko, India. She has also awarded as Research Scientist on Women Scinetist Scheme “Aâ€, DST, Govt. of India. Besides, She has attended many National and International workshops.
Abstract
The different concentration of ammonium nitrate, sucrose and spermidine enriched f/2 media was applied for growth and development of thallus of seaweeds through in vitro Culture. Amongst different concentration of nutrient enriched media, spermidine (100μM) enriched f/2 medium influences the maximum number of vegetative branches and a callus (disorganized cell mass that arose from the organized tissue of the explant), Although regeneration was observed in sucrose and ammonium nitrate supplemented enriched media but the speed of regeneration and growth was found to be slow compared to spermidine. The simultaneous formation of filamentous outgrowth was observed at the cut ends of explants. These filamentous outgrowths later developed several vegetative branches cultured in different concentration nutrient enriched media. The explants taken from the basal portion of the thallus regenerated maximum number of vegetative branches compared to the apical portion. The pattern of the growth of vegetative branches was found to be uniaxial and lactotype growth. A complete plantlets along with several branches was grown successfully in spermdine supplemented enriched f/2 medium after 1 months of culture. The color of plantlets was bushy and quite similar to that of field material in appearance.
Biography
Abstract
Introduction: A combination dosage form of irbesartan and hydrochlorothiazide is indicated in the treatment of edema and hypertension. It provides consistent blood pressure lowering and tolerability regardless of age, obesity, and prevalence of type 2 diabetes and greater efficiency in patients with high cardiovascular risk. Aim: Simultaneous determination of irbesartan and hydrochlorothiazide in plasma using a sensitive LC-MS/MS method and its application to a bioequivalence study under fasting conditions. Materials & Methods: Plasma samples were prepared using protein precipitation with acetonitrile, the two analytes and the internal standard losartan were separated on a reverse phase C18 column (50 mm × 4 mm, 3 m) using water with 2.5% formic acid, methanol and acetonitrile (40:45:15, v/v/v (%)) as a mobile phase (flow rate of 0.70 mL/min). Irbesartan and hydrochlorothiazide were ionized using ESI source in negative ion mode, prior to detection by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode while monitoring at the following transitions: m/z 296→269 and m/z 296→205 for hydrochlorothiazide, 427→175 for irbesartan. Results: Linearity was demonstrated over the concentration range 0.06–6.00 g/ml for irbesartan and 1.00–112.00 ng/mL for hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ). The calibration sensitivities were 0.2537±0.0055 and 0.0129±0.0002 for irbesartan and HCTZ, respectively. The lower limit of quantitation of Irbesartan and HCTZ were found to be 0.06 g/mL and 1.00 ng/ml, respectively. The limit of detection for irbesartan was 0.01 g/mL and for HCTZ was 0.51 ng/ml. The mean absolute recovery of irbesartan was 48.5, 59.6 and 60.7% for concentration levels of 0.18, 3.00 and 4.80 g/ml. The mean absolute recovery for HCTZ was 28.8, 33.0 and 34.1% for concentration levels of 3.00, 55.00 and 88.00 ng/ml. Both irbesartan and HCTZ were found to be stable under the mentioned test conditions. Conclusion: An accurate and precise LC–MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of irbesartan and HCTZ in human plasma has been developed and validated. The method demonstrated high selectivity and sensitivity which rendered the method fits for the purpose of its application to measure concentration–time profiles for bioavailability, pharmacokinetic and bioequivalence decision after dosing with two tablet formulations containing 300 mg irbesartan and 12.5 mg HCTZ tablet on healthy volunteers in a fasted state
Biography
Yogesh Gupta is PhD research fellow from National Agri Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali (Punjab) India. He is doing PhD on gene discovery for seedless in Annona species. He has published one research paper in BMC Genomics in 2015.
Abstract
Seedlessness is a desirable characteristic, as it increases fruit acceptance by consumers due to several benefits: seedless fruits are easier to eat, fruit juice or fruit jam processing is easier, and often seeds have bitter taste or are hardy in nature. Annona squamosa L. is a popular fruit throughout the tropics, mainly southern Mexico, Antilles, Central and South America, Africa, Australia, India, Indonesia, Polynesia and US (Hawaii and Florida). Recently, we have reported the first transcriptome sequence information from early-stage fruits of A. squamosa. We have further generated a comprehensive transcriptional profile for early-stage developing fruits from two genotypes of A. squamosa with contrast in seed number. A total of 1,72,178 unigenes were assembled from the raw reads generated in the developing fruits of four stages (0, 4, 8, and 12 days after pollination). Sequence similarity analyses against 4 public protein databases (Prunus persica, Vitis vinifera, Fragaria vesca, and Amborella trichopoda) at E-value cut-off of 10−5, revealed 48,641 unigenes as annotated. Differentially expressed unigenes, related to hormone pathways, transcription factors and seed development, were identified between the two genotypes. The study will be useful in understanding the molecular mechanism of fruit development in Annona sp.
Biography
Victor Lopez Davila is a PhD candidate at University College London (UK) in the field of Nanomedicie and Tissue Engineering. He completed his MSc in Nanomedicine in Cranfield University (UK) and his BSc in Biotechnology in Lleida University (Spain) in 2011. He also works part time as a biobank technician for Tissue Access for Patient’s Benefit (TAPB).
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer therapy shows very low response rates, leaving room for improvement. In this work we approach the problem from two points of view: loading the MEK inhibitor AZD6244 in organic nanoparticles to improve its delivery to colorectal cancer cells, and testing these nanoformulations in a collagen-based 3D in vitro model of cancer to mimic physiological conditions. Methods: AZD6244-containing GCPQ micelles and DOPE/DC-cholesterol liposomes were fabricated using sonication and extrusion methods, respectively. These formulations were tested, together with the free drug, in HCT116 cell monolayers and a collagen-based 3D cancer model, to determine differences in efficacy between both models. Fluorescent nanoparticles were used to determine their ability to penetrate the scaffold and reach its core. Results: Drug delivered in nanocarriers proved to inhibit proliferation in monolayers much more efficiently than on its own. Conversely, nanocarriers were significantly less effective in 3D compared to monolayers. Penetration studies revealed that this phenomenon was most likely due to the inability of the nanoparticles to overcome physical barriers in the 3D model. Surprisingly, the free drug was more effective in 3D than in 2D, while cells tend to be more sensitive to therapeutic agents in monolayers. Conclusions: These results highlight the need to include 3D in vitro testing during drug development prior to in vivo testing, particularly in the case of nanoformulations.
Biography
Abstract
Nanocrystalline cellulose fibers are well recognized materials for reinforcing due to their high mechanical properties, tunable surface groups, excellent strength/weight ratio, biodegradability and low cost. Cellulose fibers are extracted from areca nut fiber through chemical treatment. In this research we focused on the preparation of cellulose fiber reinforced natural rubber composites and its mechanical properties. The composites are analysed by various characterization techniques.
Biography
Meriyeg sara had completed her Bachelor’s at the age of 21 years from the university of science and technics of Béni-Mellal, in development and environmental management. After she completed her studies and got her degree as an application engineer in Environment science from the faculty of science and techniques of Tangier, in 2014 she had an international Master “EXPO Master integrated coastal zone management†between three of the main universities in the world: Pavia university in Italy, Tongji university in China and finally Chonnam university in South Korea. she attend many international congress related to the field of oceanography; the last one was in china: Seminar of coastal Geology and Integrated Management organized by GEO-Coasts and Tongji university , Qingdao, China .Now she is a seconde year phd student in the faculty of science and technics of Béni-Mellal, Morocco. Her research focus on the problem of contamination of soil and groundwater by pesticides and nitrates in the region of Tadla.
Abstract
The Arian photographic analysis and satellite images allowed us to determine the evolution of some geological phenomena such as the problem of erosion that affects most of the Moroccan beaches, which nowadays becomes a global issue not only national . The furniture beach of Tangier Bay is considered one of the most Moroccan beaches threatened by erosion effect, in this work it was noticed that the Bay of Tangier had a change in morphology along a period that stretches between 1972 and 1997. The period between 1972-1981 shows generalized erosion with a rate of 4 m/year. The period of 1981-1997 registers a restoring of the average trend with the formation of three sectors, the first one in erosion; the second sector is stable and the third in accretion. Because of its farness from the production zones, the sandy beach evolves in a closed system. On the other hand, the development of the western hillside immobilized the sandy materials that do not contribute anymore to the current solid contribution. Finally, the longshore drift which redistributes the pebbles brought by the oued Halou is broken by the construction of a defence system. At present, the erosion that drew sediments of the beach from the most easterly beach to accrete that western portion can’t find more materials because of the erosion and of the quasitotal occupation of the beach. The repairing of the beach further to successive storms is more difficult. This reality is already felt in 2006. On the other hand, a portion of the clayey coastal cliff of Tangier bay,The reconstruction of the natural coastal system and the monitoring of the successive developments in the bay show that the anthropization of the coast has unbalanced the system in an irreversible way.
Biography
Michael Isaacs graduated with a Bachelor of Science from the University of Notre Dame and will receive his Doctor of Medicine Degree in May 2016 from the Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM). He is the President of the Dermatology Student Interst Group at Indiana (IUSM), in addition the leading the History of Medicine Student Interest Group. He has published and presented more than 10 projects in dermatology and medicine in both clinical and bench research. Outside of medicine, Mr. Isaacs enjoys Notre Dame football, playing guitar, and weighlifting.
Abstract
The “Lucky Luke†sign describes a bilateral holster-shaped eczematous rash on the posterolateral hips and upper buttocks in infants secondary to an allergic contact dermatitis to rubber or dyes commonly found in diapers. However, the characteristic “Lucky Luke†distribution has never been previously described in adults. Here we present the first reported adult case of the “Lucky Luke†sign resulting from a contact dermatitis secondary to a clothing label. As this case highlights, the distribution of an eruption plays an important role in identifying the possible etiology at initial consultation. Predominant involvement of convex skin surfaces in combination with sparing of the concave surfaces provides clinical evidence suggestive of clothing contact dermatitis as is demonstrated in this patient. Furthermore, as this reports demonstrates, an initial negative patch test should not divert a practitioner away from diagnosing contact dermatitis, but instead should lead a clinician to consider further patch testing if the overall clinical picture is still strongly suggestive of this diagnosis.
Biography
Abstract
Biography
Ahmed Muthanna Abdulhameed completed his BSc of biochemical technology from University of Technology in 2009. He had worked as a Demonstrator in Baghdad Pharmacy School for 4 years. He is currently a Master’s student at the Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti of Sains Malaysia. He has two papers under the publishing process in reputed journals.
Abstract
Breast cancer is by far the most common cancer occurs in women worldwide with approximately 1.67 million new breast cancer cases diagnosed in 2012 (about 12% of all cancers). At the present time, there is a limited number of screening and early detection methods for breast cancer.This study was carried out to assess the clinical usefulness of carbohydrate antigen (CA 15-3) and interleukin 2 (IL-2) levels and gene expression as biomarkers in invasive breast cancer patients pre and post primary chemotherapy. Ethical approval was obtained to recruit10 patients in this study. Whole blood was collected pre and post primary chemotherapy. In addition, the histological findings, tumor stage and other patients’ data were obtained from the medical record. Plasma was separated to determine the CA 15-3 level and IL-2 level by ELISA pre and post-treatment. The buffy coat was used to perform the gene expression before and after chemotherapy by RT-PCR. The results revealed that eight out of the 10 patients showed CA 15-3 levels less than the cutoff (<30 U/mL). There was no significant difference of CA 15-3 levels in the samples of the patients pre and post-chemotherapy (p value=0.878). The results of IL-2 level showed a significant difference (p<0.05) of IL-2 levels pre and post-chemotherapy. In conclusion, we can notice that there is a contrast between the tumor markers of the breast cancer patients. Therefore, it is crucial to find out a computer program that can correlate more than one tumor marker in order to give better prognostic results.
Biography
Mainak Bhattacharyya has completed his MSc in Agricultural Entomology at the age of 26 years from Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal and now he is working as a Full time Teacher in a School of West Bengal. He has a number of publications published in reputed journals and a leading Agricultural magazine of India.
Abstract
Cultivated and wild plants are recognised to be inhabited by endophytes which produces metabolites like guanidine, pyrrolizidine alkaloids, indole derivatives, sesquiterpenes, isocoumarine derivatives. These endophytes provide protection and relief to the crop plants against the pests and diseases invasion. High frequency infection by fungal specimens is observed in ryegrass, correlated with the decrease in the attack of frequency of the Argentine stem weevil. Insect toxins, isolated from an unidentified endophytic fungus from wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens) shows toxicity to both adult and larvae of Spruce budworm. Naphthalene which is widely used insect repellent is obtained from endophytic fungus Muscodor vitigenus. While, Nodulisporic acid, a novel indolediterpenes exhibit potent insecticidal properties against the larvae of blow fly. Moreover entomo pathogens like Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae are the natural range of enemies for insects and arachnids. These grow endophytically within tissues of maize and rhizosphere of Picea abies and cabbage plant roots respectively. Besides fungus Verticillium lecanii is found out to be antagonistic to insects, fungi and nematodes. However some bio controlling airborne fungal spores like Lecanicillium lecanii usually used in glasshouse to control aphids, which are originally their vectors. Bioactive fungal endophytes Hirsutella thompsonii is an asexually reproducing fungi which can be actively used to control insects, mites and nematodes.
Keywords: Endophytic fungus, Blow fly, Naphthalene, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisoplae, vector.
Biography
Hasan Karadurmus has attended the researches in the Turkish Government Food Control Laboratory. He is currently an undergraduate student at the dual degree program between Istanbul Technical University and Montana State University in Bioengineering Major. He is interested in the roles of microorganisms in the biotechnology.
Abstract
In recent decades, an energy crisis increases in conjunction with the depletion of natural energy sources. Moreover, the international agreements such as KYOTO Protocol limit the rate of carbon emission and obligate the countries to use biodiesel energy, which causes a low-carbon emission rate. Comprehensive studies have been currently implemented to product biodiesel as the alternative renewable energy with more efficient and affordable costs instead of petroleum-derived diesel. Biodiesel, which can be called as fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), is characterized as non-toxic and biodegradable. Most countries use vegetable or plant oils to produce biodiesel. Whereas using vegetable oil causes an increase both in the food prices and in the probability of depletion of edible oils. Following the searches, waste-frying oil that has a harmful effect on not only human’s health but also environment is used to produce biodiesel. Alternatively, using waste oils that are composed of 8.8% of free fatty acids lower the price of biodiesel production in the industrial areas. In these presentation microorganisms such as bacteria, algae, molds, and yeasts in biodiesel production were appraised based on recent literatures.
Biography
Animikh Ray is a doctoral candidate at the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City. He has an MS in Biotechnology from Utkal University, India and a BS degree in Microbiology from Saradar Patel University, Gujarat, India. He has 4 published book chapters and four peer reviewed articles in press. He is currently working in. Mitra’s lab on drug delivery of cancer therapeutics.
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (RB) is a vision threatening intraocular malignancy. Though chemoreduction has been effective in the early stages of Rb, it is not very effective against extensive and recurrent Rb tumors having vitreal and retinal seeds. There is an urgent need to design a novel targeted drug delivery system .Nuclear localization signal (NLS) can facilitate cargo entry across nuclear membrane. However NLS has limited application in drug delivery due to lack of specificity towards cancer cells. Moreover NLS sequences have not been optimized for selective nuclear transport. Hence this project aims to develop an optimum NLS which would carry cargo selectively to cancer .cells while not affecting normal cells. This optimized NLS will be later conjugated to nanoparticles for efficient drug delivery Synthesis of NLS Peptides-Modified NLSs have been synthesized by solid phase synthesis following general protocol for Fmoc chemistry. The peptide sequences have been purified by preparative HPLC. Structure of peptide and purity have been confirmed by LC/MS. Conjugation to Gold Nanoparticles- Gold nanoparticle has been conjugated to peptides following a published protocol with some modifications (Wang et al pubmed ID:22051699). Uptake of conjugated nanoparticle in y-79 and D407- Uptake studies were performed to determine efficacy of the peptides to transport nanoparticles. Analysis was done with confocal and transmission electron microscopy. It was observed that modified NLSs were able to transport nanoparticles across the nuclear membrane selectively in the cancer cells while not affecting normal cells. Modification of Nuclear Localization Signal might be a novel approach for development of targeted therapeutics.
Biography
Samantha Connell completed her Master of Science in Public Health in Industrial Hygiene at the University of Alabama at Birmingham in the United States. She is currently working on Project BONAS, completing research at the University of Lausanne and the Institute for Work and Health in Lausanne, Switzerland. She also has industrial hygiene experience in the fields of research and development, oil and gas, and entertainment.
Abstract
The Project BONAS (BOmb factory detection by Networks of Advanced Sensors) started in 2011 with the aim of designing, developing and testing a network of sensors to detect precursors used to prepare improvised explosive devices (IEDs) present in the environment surrounding a bomb factory while an IED is prepared. On 15 January 2013, the Regulation (EU) No. 98/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the marketing and use of explosives precursors was adopted. According to the regulation, such precursors are seven substances which shall be available to members of the general public only in concentrations equal to or lower than some stated limit values and eight substances for which suspicious transactions shall be reported. Occupational hygiene is playing a critical role in supporting the development of the BONAS project. Sampling and analytical methods are referenced and deployed throughout the validation process of the sensors. These methods are not typically used in conjunction with the parameters of interest; however, work is being done to continuously improve the validated occupational hygiene strategies to fit the desired mold of this application. Consequentially, resulting in enhanced usability and sensitivity within current methods as well as novel approaches that could potentially be implemented in the workplace.
Biography
Nitin A. Lahkar was born in Guwahati, Assam on 3rd May 1992. He completed his H.S.L.C (10th boards) in 2008 and H.S (12TH Boards) in 2010 from Maharishi Vidya Mandir Higher Secondary School, Silpukhuri, Guwahati. Right now he is a final year student of B.Tech in Petroleum Engineering from Dibrugarh University with a keen interest in the subject and dedication to the Oil and Gas industry at a large.
Abstract
“Oil Well Logging†or the practice of making a detailed record (a well log) of the geologic formations penetrated by a borehole is an important practice in the Oil and Gas industry. Although a lot of research has been undertaken in this field, some basic limitations still exist. One of the main arenas or venues where plethora of problems arise is in logistically challenged areas. Accessibility and availability of efficient manpower, resources and technology is very time consuming, restricted and often costly in these areas. So, in this regard, the main challenge is to decrease the Non Productive Time (NPT) involved in the conventional logging process. The thought for the solution to this problem has given rise to a revolutionary concept called the “Robotic Logging Technologyâ€. Robotic logging technology promises the advent of successful logging in all kinds of wells and trajectories. It consists of a wireless logging tool controlled from the surface. This eliminates the need for the logging truck to be summoned which in turn saves precious rig time. The robotic logging tool here, is designed such that it can move inside the well by different proposed mechanisms and models listed in the full paper as TYPE A, TYPE B and TYPE C. This types are classified on the basis of their operational technology, movement and conditions/wells in which the tool is to be used. Thus, depending on subsurface conditions, energy sources available and convenience the TYPE of Robotic model will be selected. Advantages Over Conventional Logging Techniques- • Reduction in Non Productive time • Lesser energy requirements • Very fast action as compared to all other forms of logging • Can perform well in all kinds of well trajectories (vertical/horizontal/inclined)
Biography
Abstract
Biography
Yu-Ri Kang is currently a Doctoral student in Hannan University, South Korea. She had very balanced experiences on both study (Hannam University, Korea; Exchange program from Framingham State University, Framingham, USA, 2013 and 2015). Her major study field is bioactive polyphenols from natural plant foods inhabited in Jeju and US area is emerging issues in modern food science studies, especially in US.
Abstract
Onion (Allium cepa L.) is one of the most widely used as food or medicinal plant due to their health benefits. It has been reported that onion and their extracts have antibacterial, antidiabetic and antioxidant activity. Those functionalities were enhanced by heat treatment due to the increase of quercetin content. Therefore, we investigated inhibitory activity of 5 selected onions, such as red, yellow, white, boiling onion (purchased from local market in United States), and jeju onion (purchased from local market in South Korea), against rat intestinal α-glucosidase and porcine pancreatic α-amylase before and after heat treatment (121 oC, 30 min). Among 5 onions red onion had the highest the rate of increase in inhibitory activity (68.15%), followed by yellow onion (36.1%) after heat treatment at a concentration of 2 mg/mL (freeze dried powder of onion liquid in distilled water). These results suggest that onion cultivars enhanced high α-glucosidase inhibitory activity by heat treatment have the potential to contribute as a useful dietary supplement for controlling postprandial hyperglycemia. Furthermore, it is an important finding that heat treatment may improve the functionality of onions, although we need to identify the changes in profile of bioactive compounds before and after heat process.
Biography
Zi Xian Liao received her Ph.D. (2013) degree in National Tsing Hua University (NTHU), Taiwan. She currently serves as a assistant professor of Institute of Medical Science and Technology at National Sun Yat-sen University (NSYSU), Taiwan. Her main research interests focus on biomaterials applied for drug/gene delivery particularly genetically engineered protein, DNA and RNAi, continuously at controlled rates for prolonged of time.
Abstract
Clinical virotherapy has been successfully approved for use in cancer treatment by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration; however, a number of improvements are still sought to more broadly develop virotherapy. A particular challenge is to administer viral therapy systemically and overcome limitations in intratumoral injection, especially for complex tumors within sensitive organs. To achieve this, however, a technique is required that delivers the virus to the tumor before the body’s natural self-defense eradicates the virus prematurely. Here we show that recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 2 (AAV2) chemically conjugated with iron oxide nanoparticles (∼5 nm) has a remarkable ability to be remotely guided under a magnetic field. Transduction is achieved with microscale precision. Furthermore, a gene for production of the photosensitive protein KillerRed was introduced into the AAV2 genome to enable photodynamic therapy (PDT), or light-triggered virotherapy. In vivo experiments revealed that magnetic guidance of “ironized†AAV2-KillerRed injected by tail vein in conjunction with PDT significantly decreases the tumor growth via apoptosis. This proof-of-principle demonstrates guided and highly localized microscale, lighttriggered virotherapy
Biography
Ulku Dilek Uysal has completed her PhD in 2001 from Gazi University and postdoctoral studies from Intitute of Chemical Technologies of Italian National Council of Research (CNR). She is proffessor of Anadolu University at Chemistry Department. She has published more than 25 papers.
Abstract
Schiff bases are most widely used organic compounds. They are used as pigments and dyes, catalyst, intermediates and polymer stabilizer. They exhibit a biological activities, including antifungal, antibacterial, antimalarial, antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antipyretic,and herbicide properties. Furthermore, they have anti-tumor activity. These are widely applicable in analytical determination, using complex formation reactions, utilizing the variation in their spectroscopic characteristics following changes in pH and solvent. They have been used for manufacturing organic light emitting diodes having significant applications in night-vision readable displays, optical communications, laser technology and optical sensors recently [1]. To understand the mechanism of these properties, we need to some physicochemical properties of the five Schiff bases (Figure 1) synthesized by our group. Their structures were elucidated by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR. Two out of the Schiff bases are original. Their properties have been searched DFT method with Gaussian 09 [2] program (B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)) and compared with experimental values.
Biography
Rukshini Puvanendran is a consultant in the family medicine service at the KK women and children’s Hospital in Singapore. She runs the menopause andbosteoporosisi services of the hospital. She is also assistant professor in Family medicine at the Duke NUS Medical School.
Abstract
Introduction:Osteoporosis Patient Targeted and Integrated Management for Active Living (OPTIMAL) is a fracture prevention program instituted in the public hospitals in Singapore since 2008 (2). The program included patients over 50 years of age with osteoporosis. The program constituted an osteoporosis education, falls assessment, falls prevention exercises and pharmacotherapy. Additionally case mangers followed up the patients with six follow up encounters over 2 years. We report on the outcome of the program. METHODS:Patients were interviewed by an investigator (not the assigned case manager) and falls, fracture and compliance to medication and exercise was evaluated. Compliance to medication was assessed by the medication possession ratio and verified via patient interview. RESULTS:101 patients were recruited based on WHO Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) for primary fracture prevention . 95 patients had completed a 2-year follow-up at the hospital and were evaluated as part of this study. 77.89% of the patients reported compliance to medication. The commonest reasons for non adherence to treatment are not seeing the importance of medication and fear of side effects. CONCLUSION:Our report suggests that a fracture prevention program with structured education and case management can be effective in improving treatment rates.
Biography
Virginia Aida has completed her Bachelor of Arts & Science in Biology at the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB). She is currently pursuing her Master of Science in Biology at UAB studying traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury in both rodent and porcine models. In the past, she developed a training regimen designed to effectively acclimate pigs into the laboratory setting and to attenuate the pigs’ stress levels during the study. In the near future, she hopes to attain her Doctor of Veterinarian Medicine and study animal behavior and ecosystem medicine.
Abstract
Porcine models are increasingly being utilized within the scientific setting due to their similarity to humans in many aspects of anatomy and biochemical processes. Unfortunately, when considering behavioral training, there is little information regarding appropriate training of pigs prior to inclusion within a scientific investigation. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to develop a method of porcine behavior training for the use of pigs within a scientific research setting. The described methods are based on the behavioral observations of Yucatan miniature pigs and the need to evaluate porcine behaviors over time as an experimental endpoint. The developed regime describes a step-wise approach to training pigs with defined milestones and recommended time frames. Sex differences in training and behavior were also assessed, given that sex differences in behavior and training have been observed across species. This study found that female pigs more consistently and successfully perform trained behaviors, despite males learning the tasks at a faster rate. Our findings and developed methodology can serve as a foundation to guide any scientific study in which pigs are routinely required to perform behavioral tasks such as walking, either leashed or unleashed, to a specific target.
Biography
Ahmed A. Mohammed has completed his M.Sc. in Immunoparasitology at the age of 25 years from the University of Baghdad college of Science and now doing his Ph.D. in the the University of Salford School of Environment and Life Sciences-Biomedical Research Centre. He has been working as a formal staff member (Assistant Professor) in the branch of Clinical laboratory Sciences in the College of Pharmacy Al-Mustansiriyah University in Iraq and now has a scholarship to get the PhD degree in Immunoparasitology. He got a patent in 2002 and has 11 published papers in local Iraqi reputed journals. He authored two curricular books and one practical guide booklet in Medical Parasitology for his students of pharmacy. He served as a referee in three valued journals one in Iraq and two international journals.
Abstract
Cystic Echinococcosis is characterised by the presence of slow growing hydatid cysts, usually in the liver or lungs. Survival of the parasite is based on an interaction of the host immune system and a range of parasite immune-evasive strategies. Fibrosis in the tissues surrounding the cysts can be seen as a host protective response isolating the parasite and restricting its growth or, from another perspective fibrosis may be protective for the parasite by providing a barrier to more effective immunological responses. In this study the adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cell line (A549) was used as model system. This cell line can be involved in fibrosis as cells can transform into mesenchymal cells and differentiate later to fibroblasts and/or myofibroblasts which can ultimately secrete collagen. Cells were initially cultured in vitro in RPMI-1640 medium containing 1-10% hydatid cyst fluid (HCF).The possible effect of the parasite extracts on cell migration was investigated using a wound healing assay. The ability of HCF components to modify cell surface markers of mesenchymal transition was also investigated by fluorescence microscopy. Results showed that there was a dose-dependent increase in cell growth in the presence of cyst fluid after 5 days of culture. The migratory response of cells was also enhanced by the presence of HCF. Both the enhanced growth and migratory activity were still evident when the HCF had been boiled indicating that the components responsible were thermostable. Semipurified extracts of a major HCF component, Antigen B showed a similar high stimulatory effect similar to that of HCF. The fluorescence microscopy showed a significant expression in the fibronectin and E-Cadherin cell markers in cells treated with HCF. These results indicate that components within HCF have a stimulatory effect in the possible enhancement of fibrosis.
Biography
Staffan P.E. Sylvan is a senior expert in infectious diseases and communicable disease control and prevention. He has been the county medical officer for Uppsala County, Sweden. As such he was the director of the local department of communicable disease control and prevention and was very active in undertaking campaigns concerning the containment of the spread of communicable diseases such as pandemic influenza, Chlamydia, HIV and hepatitis A, B and C. He has a long standing research career particularly in the area of hepatitis immunology. He has published more than 65 papers in reputed journals
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the impact of the pandemic influenza strain A(H1N1)pdm09 on the need for hospital care, intensive care and mortality in three countries in the southern hemisphere where no vaccination was implemented with the results obtained in Uppsala county, Sweden where vaccination with the pandemic vaccine Pandemrix was started two weeks before the begining of the outbreak. In Sweden pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was notifiable from the microbiology departments. Notification from the clinicians was required for patients treated in the hospitals. Data on mortality was extracted from the patients electronic journal systems. The data from the three southern hemisphere countries was obtained from a data analysis made by the Swedish Institute for communicable disease control and prevention and was distributed on August 17th 2009 to all hospitals and county medical officers in Sweden. The 2009 A(H1N1) influenza pandemic resulted in a lower need for hospital care in two out of three countries from the southern hemisphere compared with Uppsala county. In contrast, the need for intensive care and the mortality rate in the three countries where no vaccination was performed was similar to those of Uppsala county, where 62% of the population had been vaccinated by January 2010. No clear benefit could be registered on the need for hospital care, intensive care and mortality of the massvaccination campaign implemented in Uppsala county. This is probably due to the late onset of the vaccination campaign. After the vaccination campaign 15 new cases of narcolepsy was diagnosed.
Biography
Manjusha Hira is a Senior Registrar in Pediatric at Watford General Hospital UK .She has published more than 6 papers in reputed journals.
Abstract
Introduction: Sengers syndrome is a rare disorder that causes congenital cataract, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HOCM), skeletal myopathy and lactic acidosis. HOCM is usually fatal in infancy. It is an autosomal recessive mitochondrial depletion disorder resulting from the mutation of acylglycerolkinase (AGK) gene. This nuclear gene is responsible for the maintenance of mitochondrial DNA (mDNA). Methods: We report a 4 month old boy who had severe lactic acidosis at birth and progressive congenital cataract. Cataract and failure to thrive were missed on his primary examination until he presented with complete loss of vision at 3 months and subsequent heart failure secondary to severe HOCM at 4 months of age. Results: His genetic testing revealed homozygous novel putative splicing mutation of AGK gene, c.1047-2A>G. This substitution has not been previously reported. There are about 40 case reports of Sengers syndrome to our knowledge. The severe form due to homozygous mutation has early onset cataract, lactic acidosis and progressive HOCM leading to death in infancy. The milder form with heterozygous mutation has a better prognosis and develops cardiomyopathy at later stages, with survival into their fourth decade. The mildest form reported had only cataracts. Conclusion: Uncertainty about the red eye reflex in non-Caucasian infants is common in primary examinations. Unexplained and persistent lactic acidosis at birth should not be discounted and should be followed up after discharge. Sengers syndrome should be considered as a differential diagnosis in babies who present with congenital cataracts especially if associated with lactic acidosis and later HOCM. Our patient is currently awaiting a cardiac transplant.
Biography
Shaheen MH is a 6th-year medical student at Faculty of Medicine Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia. He is interested in researches and has five researches as a co-author and three as a data collector. He has presented three researches as an oral presentation at three different conferences. He is the Head and Vice-head of Scientific Committee at medical students’ club for 2 consecutive years. He is a trainer in musculoskeletal examination workshops at conference and other coming events. He is the Head of the Student Coordinating Committee for the student mentoring center.
Abstract
Introduction: Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are considered as the leading cause for morbidity and mortality in several developing countries including Saudi Arabia. Though majority of cases are viral, three-quarters of antibiotics consumed is for ARIs, which has contributed to the emergence of drug-resistant bacterial pathogens, serious side effects and a significant waste of health care resources. This study was conducted to observe the pattern of physician prescriptions, to determine their practices related to ARI management and compliance to WHO protocols, and to provide recommendations to enhance their practices in primary health care. Material & Method: This cross sectional study was conducted in Primary Health Care centers of Makkah Al Mukarrama, Saudi Arabia. We selected 908 prescriptions of 28 practitioners of public and private sectors and compared the prescription with WHO recommended guidelines for acute respiratory tract infection, after taking their consent. Ethical approval was obtained from the Umm Al-Qura Medical College ethical committee. Result: There were 522 male (57.5%) and 386 female (42.5%) children. It was found that weight, pulse rate, temperature and respiratory rates were not recorded in 224 (24.7%), 306 (33.7%), 144 (15.9%) and 326 (35.9%) cases. In 172 cases (19%) no diagnosis was mentioned. Antibiotics were prescribed in 465 (51%) cases while most of the cases were of simple cold, where antibiotics are not recommended. Conclusion: Many physicians in Makkah Mukurramah are not following WHO recommended guidelines. Training program should be organized to sensitize the physicians regarding the appropriate method of diagnosis and rationale use of antibiotic.
Biography
Alaa S. Barhamain; Senior medical student completing her final year at Umm Al-Qura University, College of Medicine to obtain her MD Bachelor Degree in 2017. She is very interested in the field of research and is a main author in 3 research papers under review for publication. Currently she is studying the theurapeutic benifits of heliotherapy.
Abstract
The use of Heliotherapy for the treatment of various affections of the body is of an old date. It was in 1880 that heliotherapy became a recognized therapeutic procedure in surgical tuberculosis and gained a wide popularity. Since that time, further studies were conducted to find out more health benefits to sun light. Many health institutions were built on high altitude or by the seashores in Europe to provide heliotherapy to patients suffering from TB in abdomen, bones and joints, psoriatic arthritis, uveitis, atopic dermatitis, and rheumatoid conditions…. etc. However, with the success of antibiotics in achieving faster therapeutic goals in the treatment of TB, and with the emerge of theories indicting that the direct exposure to sun light can be associated with increased incidence of skin cancer, the reputation of heliotherapy has reposed. We reviewed the earliest clinical data and observations reported by physicians and the relatively new studies and proposed Heliotherapy to be a solution for the failure of treatment of many diseases, specially those cases resistant to conventional therapy. This paper focuses on the therapeutic benefits of sunlight exposure in the treatment of drug resistant TB and granulomatous lesions whether in the lungs or any other part of the body. It also highlights the effect of heliotherapy in the treatment of a group of skin manifestations, mood enhancement, immune modulation and treatment of autoimmune diseases.
Biography
Abstract
Biography
Teresa Sanchez Moya has completed her degree in Veterinary and Master in Nutrition Technology and Food Safety. She has also obtained an official Pre-doctoral Fellowship of the Education Ministry of the Spain Government and presently she is a PhD student in the official doctoral program in Food Technology, Nutrition and Food Science at the University of Murcia under supervision of Dr. Gaspar Ros Berruezo, Dr. Carmen Frontela Saseta and Dr. Ruben Lopez Nicolas.
Abstract
Nowadays, there are many studies that relate the overweight and obesity with different gut microbiota populations. Lean and overweight people may present differences in the composition of their gut microbiota and several mechanisms could explain the correlation between intestinal flora and obesity such as energy production from fiber, bacterial lipopolysaccharide negative effects or gene regulation in energy homeostasis. Dietary changes are related with variations in gut microbiota over the most important phyla (Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria). Based on this, we propose that green tea could have effect in weight control and gastrointestinal satiety hormones release. In this work we have studied the effect of this plant extract over gut microbiota. For that, after gastrointestinal in vitro digestion of green tea, batch cultures fermentations were run using fecal material from six healthy donors (three normal weight’s and three obese). Finally, aliquots at 0, 12, 24 and 48 hours were taken to analyze short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and microbiota evolution. Results showed no differences in the production of SCFAs between donors and between green tea and controls and this may be due to inter individual variability in the composition of the intestinal microbiota. RT-PCR analysis of microbial population showed a reduction of total bacteria with a higher decrease observed in the phylum Firmicutes and to a lesser extent in the genus Bifidobacterium indicating that, probably, a positive effect of green tea on intestinal microbiota is produced.
Biography
Dean Kyle Ang, Glormina Avena, Julianne Patricia Balisi, Bianca Marie Benin, Nicholaire Cabezon, Roy Isaac Clavio and Mary Roussle Janthina Lacson are graduating students currently taking BS Medical Technology at the University of Santo Tomas Faculty of Pharmacy.
Abstract
Wrightia antidysenterica, belonging to family Apocynaceae, is commonly grown in lowlands of the country. Several species of the same family were reported to have medicinal properties. The research analyzes the antimicrobial properties of crude butanol, dichloromethane (DCM) and hexane leaf extracts of Wrightia antidysenterica. Extracts were tested against significant strains of microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and genera Bacillus, Escherichia, Psuedomonas, Micrococcus, Streptococcus, Klebsiella, Proteus, Salmonella, and Candida. Zones of inhibition in the agar disc diffusion method revealed that S. pneumoniae (14.40 mm) and S. epidermidis (15.70 mm) are susceptible to DCM leaf extracts. The antibiotic activity of this leaf extracts is attributed to the phytochemicals: steroids, tannins, phenols, alkaloids, saponins, coumarins, and terpenoids. The two-fold serial dilution determined that at a concentration of 100 mg/ml, the DCM leaf extract possessed antibiotic activity comparable to gentamicin against S. pneumoniae and S. epidermidis. This was recorded as the MIC. The activity of 100 mg/ml is observed to be only bacteriostatic upon streaking and 24-incubation on MHA; whereas, activity of gentamicin remained bactericidal against the two species of bacteria. Therefore, Wrightia antidysenterica cannot be used as an alternative bactericidal agent against S. epidermidis and S. pneumoniae. However, it can be used as a bacteriostatic agent against these two species of bacteria.
Biography
Camille C Paez is currently a BS Pharmacy student at the University of Santo Tomas. She is a consistent Dean’s Lister and a Santo Tomas Scholar since 2012. She is also a Member of the Clinical Pharmacy Society. After graduating from high school, she received The Archbishop Pedro P. Santos Award for Academic Excellence.
Abstract
Collagen is a primary component of the skin that has an important role in wound healing process by attracting cells such as fibroblasts and keratinocytes and then instigates debridement, angiogenesis and re-epithelialization. The present study examined the effectiveness of the collagen extracted from the scales of Chanos chanos for its potential to enhance the wound healing in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The collagen extract was subjected to freeze drying and the different functional groups present in the extract were determined using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The extract was used to prepare a collagen ointment, which served as the delivery system. Two control groups and three test groups with concentrations of 2.5%, 5% and 10% collagen were administered topically to the incised wounds of male Sprague-Dawley rats for 10 days. The Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy results confirmed the functional groups present in the collagen extract. The wound healing capacity of the ointment preparations was evaluated with two parameters, tensile strength and histopathological testing. Results showed that wounds treated with different preparations (p-value<0.05) exhibited a higher tensile strength as compared to the untreated wound. This is furthermore supported by the data obtained from Dunnett’s method wherein significant difference in the test group and control group was observed. Increase in tensile strength is indicative of improved collagenation, which significantly contributes an effective wound healing. In the histopathological studies, the test groups showed significant difference in the presence of proliferation of PMNs and collagen deposition as compared to the positive and negative control.
Biography
Qizhi Wang is an Associate Professor of the Research Center for Natural Products Chemistry, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences. She has obtained her PhD degree from China Pharmaceutical University in 2006 and worked as a Postdoctoral Researcher in School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University (2006-2009). Her research interests mainly focus on the isolation, structure and analysis of the chemical constituents in medicinal plants. She has published over 50 academic papers and she is the holder of ten national patent of invention.
Abstract
Evodia rutaecarpa is an original plant of several crude drugs. The Evodia fruits (Wu Zhu Yu) have been used in traditional Chinese prescriptions for the treatment of headache, abdominal pain, migraine, chill limbs, postpartum hemorrhage, diarrhea, hyperbaropathy, dysmenorrhea, nausea, antinociception, antiinflammatory and anticancer. Investigation of characteristic constituents of Evodia rutaecarpa led to isolation of two novel indole alkaloids, evodiagenine (1) and dievodiamine (2), together with ten known indole quinoline alkaloids (1-12), eight limonins (13-20), seven flavonoids (21-27), seven triterpenoids (28-34) and eleven other compounds (35-45). The structures of new compounds were identified on the basis of MS and NMR spectroscopic analysis and compound 2 was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Based on the previous studies, this chemical composition for Sub family Rutoideae is in accordance with the chemical profile of other species of Rutaceae. This structural feature complies with the rule that indole alkaloids were the characteristic constituents of this Zanthoxylum and Evodia genus plants to provide reliable evidence for its chemotaxonomy. Compound 1 has significant antifungal activity of inhibition enzyme activity on the Lanosterol 14α Demethylase (CYP51).
Biography
Dr. Benatiallah Ali completed his Ph.D. in Energy physics, 2006, physics department, faculty of science, University S T, Oran, Algeria. Thesis Title : Modelling and optimisation of PV solar system in Algeria, Master in solar energy, 1994, université of Tlemcen, Algeria, BSc in physics Engineering (with high Distinction), 1990, Department of physics, University of Tlemcen, Algeria His Research experiences are Head of energy & environment Centre, Adrar university, Algeria, Principal Researcher and Leader of Externally Funded Research Projects in the areas of energy The research projects were funded by the National Agency of Scientific Research Development, Member of a tree research group at Mostaganem University, External Examiner of more than 10 MSc and PhD theses and 5 BSc Projects. Reviewer of the Journal of IJGE.
Abstract
Thanks to the good wind resource, the small wind turbines give a lot of alternative power for many remote electrical this paper describes new command and new system topologies that direct driven generators (PMSG). The permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) is used with variable speed in the system proposed of wind energy. This system consists of a rectifying control by the DPC connected to the PMSG which is driven by a turbine vertical axis wind type “Savoniusâ€. After we exploited this turbine with control PMSG to power remote areas. The control study concerns the converter; the method proposed is around two hysteresis controllers that enable to adjustment of reactive and active power; which is controlled by ‘quadratuly’ and ‘ directly’ of current components.
Biography
Dr. Julia Steinhoff-Wagner completed her PhD in Animal Science in Kiel, followed by a postdoctoral training in the Nutritional Physiology Unit at the Leibnitz Institute of Animal Biology in 2010 and a second postdoctoral training at the USDA Childrens’ Nutrition Research Center in Houston, Texas, USA. She currently builds up a junior research group at the Animal Science Department at Bonn University.
Abstract
Pathways of waste milk in Germany were identified by a detailed literature search. Details about the relevance of these pathways are lacking. From 31070 Mio L milk in total, 1 to 4 % is withdrawn from the market. This “waste milk†is divided in categories: 1. Colostrum, 2. Milk with high cell count /microbes, 3. Milk with drug residues. Proportion of colostrum and colostral transition milk can be estimated by number of calving and accounts for 0.1 % and 0.4 % of the total produced milk. Along with existing recommendations colostrum is likely entirely fed to neonatal calves. From the One Health perspective feeding colostrum improves calve’s immune system and reduces drug use. No data are available about amounts of produced milk with high cell count/ microbes or milk with drug residues. By animal protectoral law it is stated that diseases need to be treated immediately, whereby it is likely that the majority of produced milk includes either both disturbances (high cell count/ microbes and milk with drug residues) or none (right before it’s getting marketable again). Last mentioned milk can be fed without any precautions, whereas pasteurization can be used to treat waste milk against microbial transition. With regard to resistances, especially the disposal of waste milk with drug residues should be in the focus of interest. Field reports exist, that the majority is fed to calves and on high quality dairy farms preferred to male calves. These questions are clarified with a survey and available for presentation.
Biography
Abstract
This study was initiated with the aim of comparing the growth performance, immunity response and the change in duodenum microbiota of Arbor Acres broiler chicks that maintained during summer season with providing two distinguished sources of beneficial micro-organisms that were self developed undefined anaerobic culture isolated from the digestive tract of adult healthy broilers (competitive exclusion; CE) and commercial probiotic based on some Bacillus spp bacteria. Two hundred 1-day-old unsexed chicks (averaged 41 g), divided equally into five groups of four replicates each, were reared during June-August months. Experimental groups were ordered according to the following regime: 1: A control group was fed the basal diet without treatment, 2: One dose oral gavage with 1 ml (1 x 1010 cfu) of CE/chick administrated at day-1 post-hatch within 6 hours after chicks had been arrived to the farm, 3: Two doses oral gavage with CE/chick (1 x 1010 cfu, each), administrated twice; 1st time at day-1 post-hatch within 6 hours after chicks had been arrived to the farm and another repeated dose (1x1010cfu/ml) at day 11 of age (starter), 4: Chicks were fed on the basal diet supplemented with Microguard (0.1 g/kg diet), only during starter period and then chicks were switched to the control diets during grower and finisher periods and 5: Chicks were fed on the basal diets supplemented with Microguard (0.1 g/kg diet) during starter and grower and not during finisher feeding. Results obtained could be summarized as follow; -Providing CE twice or commercial probiotic preparation significantly increased weight gain (WG; P=0.05), while all tested groups significantly improved feed conversion ratio (P=0.001) of broiler chicks only during grower period compared to the control. - Total beneficial anaerobic bacteria were significantly (P=0.002) higher with gavaging CE twice against the other treatments evaluated while total aerobic bacteria that are composed not beneficial species were not significantly affected by treatments. -Supplementation with CE or commercial probiotic significantly increased white blood cell count’s (P=0.001) and lymphocytes percent (P=0.001), while heterophils percent (P=0.001) and heterophils to lymphocytes ratio (P=0.001) were significantly decreased with tested supplements compared to the control. Also, providing CE or commercial probiotic to broiler chicks significantly increased serum IgA (P=0.036) and antibodies Titers against Newcastle Disease Virus (P=0.004) compared to the control. It can be recommended that providing probiotics, either in the form of undefined beneficial culture from healthy adult chickens or commercial defined preparation can improve the performance of broiler chicks during summer months.
Biography
Vanja completed her Bachelor of Science (Honours) in AnimalBiology with distinctionat the University of Guelph in January 2014. Sheiscurrentlyfurtheringherknowledge in the field of animalnutrition by pursuing a Master’sdegreebythesis under the supervision of Dr. Vern Osborneat the University of Guelph.
Abstract
Thisprojectis part of alargertaskpursuing thedevelopment of naturallyproduced,health-contributing, polyphenol-enrichedmilkproductsthat are derived from byproductplantmatter from agriculturalsources. Apple pomace (AP), an abundantagricultural by product in Canada has a high polyophenolcontent (1000-1415g gallic acid equivalent/100g dry weight).17,36The objective of thisstudyis to evaluate the effects of in vitrorumendigestion on the totalpolyphenolcontent and free radical scavengingactivity of AP. AP will be collectedfresh andkeptat -20°C untilanalysis. Rumeninoculumwill be collected from a mature lactating cow and in vitrodigestionwill be performedfor 24 and 48hr of digestion in an ANKOM RF Gas Production System as per manufacturer’s instructions.3Afterdigestion, the sampleswill be centrifugedat 26 940g and filteredthrough 0.2um polyethersulfonefilters to removebacterial cells.10Allsamples (treated and untreated) will be freezedried and ground, afterwhichpolyphenolswill be extracted by solventextraction (80% methanolat21°C for 1hr).33 Fast Blue BB assay for totalpolyphenolquantificationand 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavengingactivityassaywill be performed on allsamples in triplicate with 3 technical replicates to assess the extent of polyphenoldegradation in the rumen33.The fraction of polyphenolsremainingafterin vitro digestionwill be roughlyrepresentative of the amountavailablefor absorptioninto the cow’sbloodstream and subsequently the mammarygland.